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Neuroanatomy > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principle cells of the CNS?

A

Neurons

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2
Q

How do neurons receive information?

A

Synapses

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3
Q

What are multipolar with many dendrites and one axons?

A

Neurons

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4
Q

What are a group of neurons (cell bodies) found outside the CNS called?

A

Ganglia

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5
Q

What is a cell body also known as?

A

Soma

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6
Q

What contains the nucleus and most of the cell organelles?

A

Cell body

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7
Q

What is the long process of a neurone called?

A

Axon

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8
Q

What is responsible for transmitting data from the neurone to other cells?

A

Axon

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9
Q

What are the short branched processes of a neurone?

A

Dendrite

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10
Q

What increases the surface area available for connections from axons of other neurons?

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

What is between axon and other cells to allow communication?

A

Synapses

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12
Q

Where does the axon arise from?

A

A swelling in the soma called the axon hillock

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13
Q

Where do action potential arise?

A

Axon hillock

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14
Q

What does the axon hillock lead to?

A

Initial segment of the axon

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15
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Multipolar, bipolar and pseudounipolar

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16
Q

Describe the multipolar neurones?

A

Many dendrites and one axon

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17
Q

Describe the bipolar neurons?

A

One dendrite and one axon

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18
Q

Describe the pseudounipolar neurons?

A

Short process give rise to axon in both directions

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19
Q

What is axonal transport?

A

Energy consuming mechanism to move material up and down the axon

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20
Q

What helps axonal transport t work?

A

Kinesin

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21
Q

What is the fast axonal transport called?

A

Anterograde transport

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22
Q

What is the middle axon transport called?

A

Retrograde transport

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23
Q

What is the region containing neuronal and glial cell processes containing myriad synaptic contacts?

A

Neuropil

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24
Q

What do the vesicles at the end of axons contain?

A

Neurotransmitters

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25
What is often called a terminal bouton?
Presynaptic axon terminal
26
What are the four types of glial cells?
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia
27
What are the roles of astrocytes?
Provide some physical support for the tissue by providing a scaffolding for other cells. They surround synapses containing a neurotransmitter that held terminate the effect of the transmitter Help maintain the extracellular environment Participate in the formation of the blood-brain barrier
28
What are the two forms of astrocytes?
Fibrous astrocyte and protoplasmic astrocyte
29
What astrocyte is most common in white matter?
Fibrous astrocyte
30
What astrocyte has numerous short branching processes?
Protoplasmic astrocytes
31
What astrocyte is found in grey matter?
Protoplasmic astrocytes
32
Since astrocytes end in flattened processes they are called?
Endfeet
33
The astrocyte end feet do not have tight junctions therefore?
They do not form the actual blood-brain barrier but induce capillary endothelium to form tight junctions
34
What is the covering to the CNS below the pia and ependymal lining of ventricles?
Glia limitans
35
What produces myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
36
In the CNS, one oligodendrocyte produces?
Several internodes of myelin
37
In the PNS, what produces myelin?
Schwann cells
38
What cells have a similar lineage to macrophages?
Microglia cells
39
What acts as an antigen presenting cell?
Microglia
40
What are the smallest glial cells?
Microglia
41
What are the second population of immune cells called?
Perivascular macrophages
42
Where are perivascular macrophages found?
Around blood vessels
43
What are cuboidal/columnar epithelium-like cells that line the ventricles?
Ependymal cells
44
What are ependymal cells called?
Ependymocytes
45
Why do ependymocytes lack tight junctions?
To allow free exchange between the CSF and the CNS parenchyma
46
What fills the ventricles?
CSF
47
What do the ependymal cells line?
Ventricles and central canal
48
What are tanycytes?
Subset of ependymocytes
49
Where are tanycytes found?
Lining 3rd ventricle
50
What cells monitor hormone levels in the CSF?
Tanycytes
51
The PNS consists of?
Nerves and ganglia
52
What includes both the somatic and autonomic nervous system?
PNS
53
What are neuronal relay centres in the PNS?
Ganglia
54
What does a ganglia comprise of?
Neuron cell body, support cells, axons, loose connective tissue
55
What are the support cells in PNS ganglia?
Satellite cells and Schwann cells
56
What cells surround the neuronal cell body?
Satellite cells and schwann cells
57
What are the two types of ganglia?
Dorsal root ganglia and autonomic ganglia
58
What is a collection of axons linked together by support tissue?
Nerve
59
Another word for motor?
Efferent
60
Another word for sensory?
Afferent
61
A peripheral nerve is composed of?
Axons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts and blood vessels
62
Bundles of axons are referred to as?
Fascicle
63
What are the connective tissue sheaths of a nerve?
Epineurium, Perineurium and Endoneurium
64
What sheath surround the whole nerve?
Epineurium
65
What sheath surrounds a fascicle?
Perineurium
66
What sheath surrounds fibres within a fascicle?
Endoneurium
67
What are the schwann cell-unmyleinated axon groups called?
Remak bundles
68
Each schwann cell makes a myelin sheath around?
A single axon
69
Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths and each one makes myelin around?
Many axons
70
What are the gaps in the myelin sheaths called?
Nodes of Ranvier
71
In motor neurons, the axons end in?
Neuromuscular junctions on voluntary muscle (e.g. smooth muscle/glands)
72
Where are Ruffini endings found?
Glabrous skin
73
Where is the Pacinian corpuscle found?
Deep in the dermis
74
Where is Meissner's corpuscles found?
Dermal papillae
75
What does the neuromuscular junction consist of?
Presynaptic terminal and motor end plate
76
What are the two types of cortex?
Allocortex and neocortex
77
What is the allocortex subdivided into?
Archicortex and paleocortex
78
What part of the cortex is found in the hippocampus?
Archiocortex
79
What part of the cortex is found in the olfactory cortex?
Paleocortex
80
What are the layers of the cortex?
Molecular layer, External granular layer, External pyramidal layer, Internal granular layer, Internal pyramidal layer and multiform layer
81
The cerebellar context has how many layers?
three
82
What matter is found in the deepest layer of the cortex?
White matter

Neuroanatomy (29 decks)

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