Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nervous System > Lecture 10.1: Stroke > Flashcards

Lecture 10.1: Stroke Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a Stroke?

A

Brain injury caused by the sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain which can be due to Infarction or Haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an Infarction?

A

Tissue death or necrosis due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Haemorrhage?

A

Acute loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of Strokes are due to infarctions? What are the 2 types of infarctions?

A
  • 85%
  • 50% thrombotic
  • 35% embolic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What percentage of Strokes are haemorrhagic?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of Strokes are due to Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Thrombus?

A

A blood clot formed in situ within the vasculature impeding blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an Embolus?

A

Blood clots, fatty deposit or air bubble carried in the blood stream that lodges in a vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a Primary Haemorrhage?

A

Escape of blood from a ruptured vessel with no structural anomaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a Secondary Haemorrhage?

A

Escape of blood from a ruptured vessel with aneurysm, vascular malformation or tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Teritary Haemorrhage?

A

Escape of blood from a ruptured vessel with haemorrhagic transformation of an infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)?

A

Focal CNS disturbances caused by vascular events that last <24hrs and with no lasting deficit, “mini stroke” is caused by a temporary disruption in the blood supply to part of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical Symptoms of Stroke in Anterior Circulation (5)

A
  • Left hemisphere - Language trouble
  • Right hemisphere – Neglect
  • Weakness
  • Partial visual loss
  • Numbness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical Symptoms of Stroke in Posterior Circulation (4)

A
  • Blindness
  • Diplopia
  • Bilateral weakness
  • Vertigo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors of Strokes (8)

A
  • Hypertension
  • Cardiac Diseases (AF)
  • Diabetes
  • High Cholesterol
  • TIA
  • Physical Inactivity
  • Smoking
  • High Intake of Alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Investigations for Stroke (9)

A
  • ECG: Atrial Fibrillattion or flutter
  • Echo: Check for clots
  • Ultrasound of the carotid artery < 70% stenosis
    management with medication
  • 70% symptomatic - Carotid endarterectomy / Stent
  • HBA1C
  • Lipid profile
  • CBC
  • Coagulation profile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carotid Artery Stenosis Treatment

A
  • Surgery with angioplasty and a stent
  • Lifestyle Changes
  • Medication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Ischaemic Penumbra?

A

Defined as the severely hypoperfused, functionally impaired, at-risk but not yet infarcted tissue that will be progressively recruited into the infarct core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Penumbra Imaging

20
Q

Acute Management of a Stroke (4)

Study These Flashcards
A

▪ CT Brain
▪ Thrombolysis (within 4.5hours)
▪ Clot Retrieval
▪ Swallow Protection (NBM)

21
Q

Why is a CT Brain done during Stroke Management

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Excludes haemorrhages and stroke mimics (e.g.
    tumour)
22
Q

Ongoing Management of a Stroke (6)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Admission to specialist stroke units
  • Medication (aspirin 300mg daily for 2 weeks then
    75mg daily)
  • Speech and Language Assessment (SALT)
  • Nutrition (screen for malnutrition)
  • Blood Pressure
  • Blood Glucose Level
23
Q

Issues with CT Brain in Acute Stroke Management

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute infarcts not visible in the acute phase

24
Q

Long-Term Management of Strokes (4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Physiotherapy
  • Occupational Therapists
  • Carotid Endarterectomy
  • Modification of Risk Factors
25
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors of Strokes (4)
* Age * Sex * Race * Family History
26
What is a Thrombectomy with the use of a stent retriever?
A stent retriever is a cylindrical device that consists of a self-expanding stent mounted on a wire and deployed within a catheter
27
Symptoms of Stroke based on Blood Vessel: Anterior Cerebral Artery
* Leg >> arms (Legs affected more) * Urinary incontinence
28
Symptoms of Stroke based on Blood Vessel: Middle Cerebral Artery
* Face, speech * Arms>> legs (arms, hand affected more than legs)
29
Symptoms of Stroke based on Blood Vessel: Posterior Cerebral Artery
Problem in vision
30
Symptoms of Stroke based on Blood Vessel: Pons
Locked in syndrome
31
Symptoms of Stroke based on Blood Vessel: Vertebrobasilar Arteries
* Syncope * Ataxia
32
Middle Cerebral Artery Damage: If Dominant Hemisphere is Affected
* Speech and Contralateral * Weakness * Gerstmann Syndrome
33
Middle Cerebral Artery Damage: If Non-Dominant Hemisphere is Affected
* Hemineglect Syndrome * Speech Preserved
34
What happens in Broca’s Aphasia?
* Meaningful but broken speech * Frustrated patient
35
What happens in Wernicke’s Aphasia?
* Fluent speech but meaningless * Patient not frustrated
36
What is Hemineglect Syndrome?
Neglects one half of everything including himself
37
What is Gerstmann Syndrome?
A rare neurological disorder that results from damage to a specific area of the brain known as the left parietal lobe in the region of the angular gyrus
38
What are the Symptoms of Gerstmann Syndrome? (4)
* Impairment in performing calculations (acalculia) * Discriminating their own fingers (finger agnosia) * Writing by hands (agraphia) * Impairment of distinguishing left from right (left- right disorientation)
39
How do long do TIA symptoms last?
The effects last a few minutes to a few hours and fully resolve within 24 hours
40
What does FAST stand for in Strokes?
Facial drooping Arms Speech Time
41
TIA Scoring (8 Factors that contribute to scoring)
* Age >60years = 1 point * BP >140 / >90 = 1 point * Any weakness = 2 points * No weakness but speech disturbance = 1 point * 60mins+ = 2 points * 10-59mins = 1 point * <10mins = 0 points * Diabetic = 1 point
42
What is the score of a Low-Risk TIA?
1-3 (or over a week since symptoms)
43
How to treat a Low-Risk TIA? (3)
* Aspirin 300mg daily * Specialist assessment within a week * Address risk factors immediately
44
What is the score of a High-Risk TIA?
Score 4+
45
How to treat a High-Risk TIA? (6)
* Aspirin 300mg daily * Specialist assessment within 24hrs * Neuroimaging * Carotid Imaging * ECG * ECHO
46
What is done in a workup for TIAs? (7)
* ECG * ECHO * Carotid Doppler * Diffuse Weighted MRI * CBC * Blood Glucose * Lipids

Nervous System (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions