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Nervous System > Lecture 1.1: Nuts & Bolts of the Brain > Flashcards

Lecture 1.1: Nuts & Bolts of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Somatic (voluntary)
  • Autonomic (involuntary)
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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
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3
Q

What do Afferent Neurones do?

A

Afferent neurones carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs to the central nervous system

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4
Q

What do Efferent Neurones do?

A

Efferent neurones carry motor information away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body

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5
Q

What is the Coronal Plane?

A
  • Frontal Plane
  • Separates front and back
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6
Q

What is the Transverse Plane?

A
  • Horizontal Plane
  • Separates up and down
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7
Q

What is Sagittal Plane?

A
  • Midline Plane
  • Separates left and right
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8
Q

What is Parasagittal Plane?

A
  • Midline Plane but not in the middle,
  • Separates left and right but not in equal parts
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9
Q

What is Dorsal?

A

Posterior

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10
Q

What is Ventral?

A

Anterior

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11
Q

What is Rostral?

A

Towards nose

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12
Q

What is Caudal?

A

Towards tail bone

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13
Q

What is a Sulcus in the Cerebral Cortex?

A

A depression or fissure in the surface of the brain

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14
Q

What is a Gyrus in the Cerebral Cortex?

A

A ridge on the cerebral cortex

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15
Q

What does Grey Matter contain?

A

Neurone Rich Regions

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16
Q

What does White Matter contain?

A

Myelinated Axons

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17
Q

In the PNS collections of nerve cells are called….?

A

Ganglia

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18
Q

What are Nuclei?

A
  • Neurones formed into coherent groups
  • E.g. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus
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19
Q

LOOK at diagrams for anatomy

A
20
Q

What does the Forebrain contain? (3)

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
21
Q

What is the role of the Cerebrum?

A
  • 85% of the brain
  • Initiates and coordinates movement and regulates
    temperature
  • Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech,
    judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving,
    emotions and learning
22
Q

What is the role of the Thalamus?

A

Processing centre for sensory information

23
Q

What is the role of the Hypothalamus?

A

Control centre for the autonomic nervous system

24
Q

What is the role of the Hippocampus?

A

Plays key role in memory consolidation

25
Q

What is the Midbrain?

A

Vital connection between the forebrain and hindbrain

26
Q

What makes up the Midbrain? (3)

A

Topmost part of brain stem: colliculi, tegmentum and peduncles

27
Q

What does the Hindbrain contain? (3)

A
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Cerebellum
28
Q

What is role of the Hindbrain?

A

Coordinates functions that are fundamental to survival, including respiratory rhythm, motor activity, sleep, and wakefulness

29
Q

What is the role of the Medulla Oblongata?

A

Autonomic vital function such as heart rate and breathing

29
Q

What is the role of the Pons?

A

Connects brain w spinal cord and cranial nerve nuclei

30
Q

What is the role of the Cerebellum?

A

Making postural adjustments in order to maintain balance, co-ordination

31
Q

What are Brodmann Areas?

A
  • Area of cerebral cortex defined by cell histology and
    organisation
  • Related to function
  • More detail than needed
32
Q

What is the Corpus Callosum?

A

Separates the left and right hemispheres of the brain

33
Q

What are the Layers of the Meninges? (3)

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater
34
Q

What is the Structure of the Dura Mater?

A
  • Thick, strong membrane layer located directly under
    your skull and vertebral column
  • It consists of two layers of connective tissue
35
Q

What is the Structure of the Arachnoid Mater?

A
  • Thin membrane with thread-like processes that make
    contact with the pia mater
  • Contains arteries and is filled with CSF
  • Increases in size to form cisterns
36
Q

What is the Structure of the Pia Mater?

A
  • Envelopes the contours of the brain and spinal cord
  • Composed of delicate connective tissue and has many
    tiny blood vessels
37
Q

Where is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) secreted from?

A

Secreted by the choroid plexuses (modified ependymal cells) of the ventricles

38
Q

How much CSF is produced in a day?

A

3-500mls produced/day

39
Q

CSF Contents

A
  • Similar constituents to blood plasma
  • Less albumin and glucose
40
Q

What is the role of CSF? (3)

A
  • Bathes the brain and cushions the it against
    mechanical agitation
  • A reservoir for metabolic substrates for the brain
  • Dissolves & carries away products of metabolism from
    the brain
41
Q

Where is CSF taken up again?

A

Resorption in venous sinuses via arachnoid granulations

42
Q

What is the Blood-Brain Barrier?

A

Physical barrier preventing passage of molecules and cells into the brain

43
Q

What is the role of the BBB?

A
  • Protection against toxins & pathogens
  • Maintain a constant intracerebral chemical
    environment
  • Facilitates and restricts molecules/drugs from the
    blood to the CSF
44
Q

How does the BBB control what molecules can move from blood to CSF? (2)

A
  • Cerebral capillary endothelial cells have tight junctions
  • Astrocytic foot processes

Nervous System (18 decks)

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