Lecture 11 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the difference between active and passive immunization?
- Active: induce immune response with memory B and T cells
- Passive: immediate protection lasting only till Ab catabolized
What are some cons with live attenuated vaccines even through they increase long-lasting immunity?
-mutations can cause vaccine to revert to pathogenic form
What are some cons with dead vaccines>
-need higher doses and repeat (booster) immunizations
How do conjugate vaccines turn a capsular polysaccharide into T-dependent antigen?
provide protein component which lead to generation of memory B cells and memory CD4+ T cells
adjuvants
substances that make vaccine insoluble to make antigens persist longer and release slowly for increased stimulation to immune system
-precipitate (alum) or form oil-in-water emulsion
Examples of immunotherapeutics
-antibodies, recombinant cytokines, recombinant cytokine inhibitors
What is the difference between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies?
- polyclonal Abs are heterogenous and derived from many B cell clones reflecting normal Ab response
- monoclonal Abs are homogenous with identical Ab molecules derived from single B cell alone
Which type of Abs are used for directing Abs on tumor cells for cancer therapy?
monoclonal Abs
What does Adalimumab treat?
-block binding of cytokine to cell surface receptor and prevent deleterious cytokine actions on autoimmune disease
How is B cell immunodeficiency treated?
intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)
What does Etanercept treat?
-binds to TNF and acts as anti-inflammatory agent to treat autoimmune diseases
hemagglutination
- crosslinking of RBC by antibodies
- insoluble particles brought close together
Immunohistochemistry
-detect presence and location of different cell types
ELISA
determine serum Ab titers
Sandwich ELISA
determine concentration of substances in fluids
Western Blot
identify monoclonal Ab to desired antigens
flow cytometry
amount of fluorescence on cell indicate level of expression of cell surface molecules and provide info on size and granularity of each cell
