Lecture 11 Pacific Flashcards
Polynesia
Many islands
Triangle (NZ, Hawaii, Easter island)
Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Niue, French poly.
Melanesia
Black islands
Solomon island, Fiji, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia.
Micronesia
Small coral islands
Palau, Kiribati, Marshall islands, Federated states of micronesia, Nauru.
COMMON MISREPRESENTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PACIFIC PEOPLES AND THE PACIFIC REGION
Utopia and Dystopian representations
Bombs in Marshall islands
DIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC: (PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMICAL AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENTS)
Climate & weather: frosts, tsunamis, cyclones, typhoons, floods and drought (2013 Ailuk Atoll Marshall islands).
sandy atolls to high volcanic mountains, atolls, lagoons (Palau, Micronesia)
Rural, urban
Flora, fauna,
climate change (sea level rise)
Dive caves (solomon islands)
DIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC
Culture, languages, art, tourism, sports
Waitaki Tongan Community 2012
Trobriand cricket
Kilikiti (samoan cricket)
e.g.Papua New Guinea 1/3 world’s languages (780).
A HISTORY OF PACIFIC MIGRATION
Pre-history
Ancestral journeys
Traditions
Voyaging and trade traditions
Pre-European journeys
- Exchange e.g. Trobriands
- Marriage partners
- Initiations
EARLY MOVEMENTS
Force (war, slavery, indenture, religion)
Natural hazards (cyclones, earthquakes, changing sea levels)
Resources, trade e.g. Kula Ring
Resistance e.g. to missions, other tribes
Separation/independence e.g. Kiribati and Tuvalu (Gilbert & Ellis)
KULA MIGRATIONS
Trade a key reason for mobility (what do they trade?)
Obsidian, string bags, pottery, salt, taro, pigs and whales teeth, dogs, shells
Human movements
marriage partners
initiation rites e.g. seclusion, fasting, hardship, daring feats
worship e.g. to temples (marae or vanaa) in French Polynesia, and war.
Definition MODERN MIGRATION
The United Nations (UN):
movement of people from one place to another, Permanent move from home for over 1 year.
Migration
Permanent move to a new location
Emigration
Migration from a location
Immigration
Migration to a location
WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
Push & Pull Factors
Economic
Environmental
Socio-cultural
ECONOMIC PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
NZ, Australia & USA:
opportunity
attractiveness of region shifts with economic change.
NZ (land milk honey)
AU (hardship & disappointment)
REMITTANCES
Transfers of money from internal (rural- urban) and international migrants to family in their home country
REMITTANCES Significance:
groceries, school, village and family obligations; church donations, school fees, family funerals, birthdays, and weddings., the building / house purchases, local business, vehicle purchase.
ENVIRONMENTAL PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, July 1946
temporary forced movement – Bikini
Permanent forced – resettlement (banaba to Rabi in Fiji)
Voluntary migration – in search of better quality of life
Permanent forced – resettlement
banaba to Rabi in Fiji
Voluntary migration
in search of better quality of life
Social reasons PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
Access education, medical services Transition to adulthood Village obligations
Cultural push factors
Forced international migration
Historically, slavery (black birding), indentured labour, and political instability
Ethnic segregation and wars
SOCIO-CULTURAL PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
Improve communication facilities
Transport / technology (access, frequency, speed, cost)
Internet, television, cinema, media
Resultant change in ideas and attitudes
