Lecture 15 - Patterns Of Disease Globally And Over Time

Question 1

what were the diseases in the Middle ages London 1665?

Answer 1

• Small pox
• Tuberculosis
• Influenza
• Bubonic plague
• Infectious (communical) diseases
• Dominate kill

Question 2

what does the Bills of mortality 1665 show?

Answer 2

• Categorize what people died of
• disease pattern was dominated by communicable infectious disease
• 35 years life expectancy

London population 460000
Plague death 100000
Woman and children unlucky

Question 3

Communicable infectious diseases

Answer 3

Group 1 diseases

Question 4

Global burden of disease 2015

Answer 4

• 56.4 million death
• Non communicable deaths 70%
• 54% list in top 10 (Communicable deaths decreases in prevalence)

Question 5

Global life expectancy 2015

Answer 5

71.4 year olds

Question 6

Non communicable deaths 70%

Answer 6

• Cardiovascular,

- Diseases associated with older age groups

Question 7

2000 how many diseases were in group 1 (in top 10 causes of death globally)

Answer 7

4 non communicable diseases

6 communicable diseases

Question 8

2015 how many diseases were in group 1 (in top 10 causes of death globally)

Answer 8

6 non communicable diseases
3 communicable
Road injury occurred (not in 2000)

Question 9

What is the biggest cause of death in 18 years so far?

Answer 9

Stoke

Occurred in 2000 and 2015

Question 10

What are some causes of death that moved of the list between 2000 and 2015?

Answer 10

HIV aids

Pre term birth complications and asphyxiations

Question 11

What are some diseases that still remain in 2015 and 2000?

Answer 11

Diarrhoeal

Tb

Question 12

What are some diseases added Killed 1.6 mill in 2015?

Answer 12

diabetes

Question 13

What disease have doubled between 2000 and 2015?

Answer 13

Alzheimers, dementia
Road injuries (1.3 mil in 2015)

Question 14

Low income countries top 10 causes of death

Answer 14

• 7 communicable diseases
• “Big 3” HIV, malaia, tb
• Stroke and non communicable diseases

Question 15

Quantifying the Burden of Disease for mortality and morbidity

Answer 15

Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

Global or country

Question 16

1 DALY

Answer 16

one year of healthy life lost due to premature mortality (Years of Life Lost - YLL) for people living with a health condition or its consequences (Years Lost due to Disability - YLD)

Question 17

Morbidity

Answer 17

Departure from physiological or psychological wellbeing

Question 18

DALY measure

Answer 18

difference between a populations current health status and ideal health status

Question 19

NZ population overall
Burden of Disease 2006

• 955000 years of healthy life
• DALY indicates

Answer 19

DALYs indicate NZ losing over 1mil healthy life now

51% fatal events
49% non fatal

Question 20

NZ population overall

Burden of Disease 2006 Males compared to females 2006

Answer 20

Males high fatal lost (YLL)
Males low non fatal lost (YLD)

Females more burden with disability.

• Live longer
• Have disability longer
• Higher DALYs

Age distribution non fatal
- Teens (15-19)

Question 21

Global life expectancy changes over 215 years

• X income per person per year (GDP)
• Y life expectancy

life expectancy of Japan, NZ, Sierra leone and Congo

Answer 21

Japan
84 years

NZ
81 years males
83 years females

Sierra leone and congo
51 years males
52 years females

Question 22

2 separate theories that occur at the same time

Answer 22

Epidemiological

Demographic

Question 23

Demographic Transition explains

Answer 23

• Changes in population death and birth rates over time

- Growth and change in populations over time

Question 24

Epidemiological Transition explains

Answer 24

Changes in population disease patterns over time
– Communicable disease
– Non-communicable diseases

Question 25

Demographic transition graph - Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year) - X time. total population Once transitions begins will have a situation where population will have (death and birth rate, total population)

Answer 25

High death and birth rate | Low total population

Question 26

Demographic transition graph - Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year) - X time total population As move through transitions (death and birth rate, total population)

Answer 26

Decrease death rate | Increase total population

Question 27

Demographic transition graph - Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year) - X time total population Further on transition (death and birth rate, total population)

Answer 27

Decrease birth rate and when added to declining death rate | Increase to the total population

Question 28

Demographic transition graph - Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year) - X time total population Nearly end of transition (death and birth rate, total population)

Answer 28

Low death and birth rate | Stabilise total population growth

Question 29

Demographic transition graph - Y deaths and births (per 1000 per year) - X time total population What will happen to the median age of the population over time if that trend is showing?

Answer 29

Increase median age as move through transition

Question 30

Demographic transition pyramids NZ transition pyramids 1900

Answer 30

Young based population Not many people make to older age groups 23 years median age population

Question 31

Demographic transition pyramids NZ transition pyramids 2000

Answer 31

population median age 34 year | Low population 0-4 year olds (compared to 1900)

Question 32

Demographic transition pyramids NZ transition pyramids 2100

Answer 32

All age groups uniform | Suggest median age will be older

Question 33

Demographic transition pyramids NZ transition pyramids by 2061

Answer 33

Median age in NZ will be 44 years old Story of whole population not groups

Question 34

In maori population median age Pacific population median age NZ european population Asian population

Answer 34

23.9 years 22.1 years 41 years 30.6 years

Question 35

Epidemiological transition

Answer 35

Decrease communicable disease | Increase non communicable diseases (people living longer)

Question 36

What are 2 public health actions that have had the greatest impact on our population and disease pattern during time frame when we think about the transitions?

Answer 36

Sewage system and sanitarium | Clean water

Question 37

Significance of human ageing Globally 1950s probability of survival 80-90 year age groups Significance of human ageing By 2002 to live to 80-80 year age groups Significance of human ageing In japan

Answer 37

15% female 12% males 37% females 25% males 50%

Question 38

Significance of human aging Come about due to... Longegitivity continue to...

Answer 38

Decrease death rate in (demographic transition) increase

Question 39

Life expectancy over the years

Answer 39

increased sharply

Question 40

``` life expectancy 1930s 2014 2030 2080 number of people lived to 90 ```

Answer 40

1000 people 26000 50000 180000

Question 41

over the years woman have

Answer 41

fewer children

Question 42

By 2030

Answer 42

For first time in history | Older persons will have higher number than children in 0-9 age group

Question 43

Morbidity occurs later in life

Answer 43

– Slow the progression from chronic disease to disability – Will create an increase in milder chronic disease but a decrease in the period of time a person experiences severe Disability will be less – Maintain function and improve wellbeing

Question 44

summary epidemiological | transition

Answer 44

Disease patterns have changed over time from a dominance of communicable disease to a dominance of non-communicable disease

Question 45

summary demographic transition

Answer 45

Populations have grown and changed over time, life expectancy is increasing