Lecture 8 - Maori History & Environment

Question 1

Māori Origins

Answer 1

• Cosmological Origins
• Creation stories Sky father (Rangi) and Eath Mother (Papa)
• Creation of Gods eg.Tangaroa, Tāne Māhuta
• Creation of the first person
• Maui narratives, North Island (Fish), South Island (Waka/ Canoe)

Question 2

Kupe

Answer 2

1200 AD

discovers Aotearoa

Question 3

Settlement in New Zealand from

Answer 3

1150-1450

Question 4

Waka (canoes) travels back and forth to

Answer 4

Hawaiiki (eg. Araiteuru, Mataatua, Tainui)

Question 5

Settlement in Aotearoa/ New Zealand from Hawaiiki

year

Answer 5

850-1400AD.

Question 6

First settlements were along

Answer 6

Coastal areas North Island

With time settlement into the interior and the South Island.

Question 7

Whakapapa/genealogy

Answer 7

Interconnectedness

Question 8

Maori principles

Answer 8

Whanaungatanga
Manaakitanga
Mana
Utu

Question 9

Whanaungatanga

Answer 9

Family support

Question 10

Manaakitanga

Answer 10

General support & Nuturing

Question 11

Mana

Answer 11

Power & Prestige

Question 12

Utu

Answer 12

Balance

Question 13

Abel Janzoon Tasman

year, who is, what he do, sailed to, encountered

Answer 13

(1602-1659)
Dutch explorer

December 1642 sighted land near Hokitika

Sailed to Golden Bay, and encountered the Ngāti Tumatakokiri people

Sailed to West Coast of North Island

Question 14

James Cook
(year, what he do)

Answer 14

(1778-1779)

October 1769 sighted land near Poverty bay, North Island

Place Aotearoa on Maps of Europe

Interacted with many whānau and hapū

Question 15

Early missionary contact with Māori in 1814

Who Established a Mission in Bay of Islands?

Answer 15

Rev. 
Samuel Marsden, 
William Hall, 
John King and 
Thomas Kendall

Question 16

What did Europeans trade with Maori?

Answer 16

nails, axes, pots, knives etc.

Question 17

What did Aotearoa supply to NSW prison colony?

Answer 17

flax, vegetables, fruit and pork

Question 18

Captain William Hobson

what he do, when 1st meeting, how many signed, died, responsible for

Answer 18

Drafted Treaty responsible for Māori signatories

1st meeting of chiefs 6 February 1840 at Waitangi.

544 chiefs sign the Treaty
• 505 Māori Version
• 39 English Version

Died in September 1841

Responsible for beginning the Westminster system of government into New Zealand

Question 19

Treaty of Waitangi 4 parts

Answer 19

Preamble(Introduction)

Article 1 (Sovereignty/ Kawanatanga)

Article 2 (Guarantee lands forests etc/ tāonga)

Article 3 (Māori rights of British subjects)

Question 20

Social aspects of Aotearoa 1840-1860 (Māori)

Answer 20

Māori adopt western technology for agriculture (grow crops, orchards, stock lands, growing methods)

Increasing land loss, Pākehā population, intermarriage between Pākehā and Māori

Different attitudes to land. Māori did not inherit the land, they have it on loan for their grandchildren.

Question 21

1857 population of maori and non maori

Answer 21

Non Māori population of approx 59,000

Māori Population of approx 56,000.

Question 22

Major settlements of Pākehā population in what cities?

Answer 22

Auckland, Wellington, New Plymouth, Nelson, Christchurch and Dunedin.

Question 23

Wellington, New Plymouth and Nelson were established by

Answer 23

New Zealand Company

a British based immigrant company

Question 24

Governor George Grey (1845-1853)

Answer 24

Deal with hostilities between Māori and European settlers

Given resources from Britain

Politician

Established a constitution for representative government

General Assembly (Parliament)
No representation for Māori

Question 25

Land Conflicts and Grey

Answer 25

Land title in Nelson, Taranaki and Wellington Occupied Māori land in Northland with troops Imprisoned Māori without trial Assured Māori of their rights Instituted land sales through large meetings.

Question 26

Land Conflicts and Grey | 1852 Constitution set up two

Answer 26

provincial governments and a central government | Māori responsibility shifted from the governor to the central settler government

Question 27

Trouble in Taranaki

Answer 27

Government agents try buy land at Waitara negotiated with Te Teira Manuka instead of Wiremu Kingi (Wiremu Kingi Te Rangitake) of Ngāti Kura and Ngāti Mutunga of Ati Awa. Fighting Broke out, stale mate was a result

Question 28

Government criticised by.. | & why?

Answer 28

missionaries and the Chief Justice for not properly dealing with Māori.

Question 29

Governor Gore Browne criticised by

Answer 29

settler government for the stalemate and giving up rights. He was sent back to England

Question 30

Governor George Grey (1860-1868)

Answer 30

sent back to NZ Reoccupied (with troops) the disputed Taranaki Māori protests met by force Battles in Taranaki Took land because Maori deemed ‘in rebellion’

Question 31

Governor George Grey 1863

Answer 31

invaded Waikato, Eastern Bay of Plenty. Took land because Maori deemed ‘in rebellion’

Question 32

Settler Government responses for Land acquisition

Answer 32

Deeds of Purchases New Zealand Settlement Act 1863 (confiscation of land) Native Land Court Act 1862 Native Land Court Act 1865 (land investigation and subsequent sale) PublicWorksActs (compulsory taking of land)

Question 33

Crown Purchases regions

Answer 33

``` Nelson / Blenheim North Canterbury West Coast Canterbury Otago Southland / Stewart Island ```

Question 34

Crown purchases in Nelson / Blenheim regions

Answer 34

Wairau Purchase Waitohi Pakawau Waipounamu Purchase

Question 35

``` Year of Crown purchases in Wairau Purchase Waitohi Pakawau Waipounamu Purchase ```

Answer 35

1847 1850 1852 1856

Question 36

Crown purchases in North Canterbury regions

Answer 36

North Canterbury Purchase Kaikoura Purchase

Question 37

Year of Crown purchases in North Canterbury Purchase Kaikoura Purchase

Answer 37

1857 | 1859

Question 38

Crown purchases in West Coast | & year of purchase

Answer 38

Arahura Purchase | 1860

Question 39

Crown purchases in Canterbury regions

Answer 39

Kemp Purchase Port Cooper Purchase Port Levy Purchase Akaroa Purchase

Question 40

Year of Crown purchases in Kemp Purchase Port Cooper Purchase Port Levy Purchase Akaroa Purchase

Answer 40

1848 1849 1849 1856

Question 41

Crown purchases in Otago regions | & year of purchase

Answer 41

Otakou Purchase | 1844

Question 42

Crown purchases in Southland / Stewart Island regions | & year of purchase

Answer 42

Murihiku Purchase Rakiura Purchase 1853 1864

Question 43

``` Year of purchases in Nelson / Blenheim North Canterbury West Coast Canterbury Otago Southland / Stewart Island ```

Answer 43

1844 - 1864

Question 44

Problems

Answer 44

* Direct British influence in New Zealand was minimised and marginalised viz. Settlers * 1867 Māori Representation Act (4 members) * Legislation pertaining to rivers, harbours etc ignore Māori and their rights * Deeds of Sale for Land; Various provisions not carried out by the purchaser (Crown)

Question 45

Māori responses

Answer 45

Māori King movement (from 1850s) Māori Parliament movement (late 1870s-1902) (Own political movements) Petitions to the Crown to recognise breaches of Treaty rights.

Question 46

Petitions to the Crown to recognise breaches of Treaty rights.

Answer 46

Appendices to the Journal of the House of Representatives Deeds of Sale Rivers Land blocks Petitions to Queen Victoria, 1882, 1884.

Question 47

Māori by 1900

Answer 47

3/4 maori land taken by crown Huge areas of New Zealand populated by destitute Māori census Māori (42,000)

Question 48

Cooks arrival 1776 Maori population

Answer 48

approx. 100,000

Question 49

1857/1858 Māori and pakeha population

Answer 49

56,000 | 59,000

Question 50

1896 Māori population

Answer 50

42,000