Lecture 12-emotions

Question 1

two types of emotion

Answer 1

emotional response (expression)
emotional experience

Question 2

which parts does emotional response involve

Answer 2

Somatic Motor system
visceral motor system (ANS)
secretary hypothalamus

Question 3

what brain structure does emotional experience involve

Answer 3

Cortex

Question 4

right M1 lesion results in

Answer 4

voluntary- asymmetrical smile

involuntary- symmetrical smile

Question 5

left cingulate lesion

Answer 5

voluntary- symmetrical smile

involuntary- asymmetrical smile

Question 6

what pathways do voluntary movements involve?
from?
nuerons?

Answer 6

descending pyramidal and apyrammidal

from: motor cortex and BS
nuerons: motor neurons

Question 7

what pathways do non-voluntary movements involve
from?
nuerons?

Answer 7

descending pyramidal

from: ventro-medial forebrain and hypothalamus
neurons: autonomic preganglionic neurons

Question 8

3 components of expression and experience of emotion

Answer 8

1. limbic system
2. ventral straitum
3. prefrontal cortex

Question 9

fn of limbic system

Answer 9

emotions and forming memories related to those emotions

Question 10

fn of ventral straitum

Answer 10

pleasure and reward

Question 11

fn of prefrontal cortex

Answer 11

cognitive control of emotion

regulation of emotion

Question 12

which brain structures are part of the limbic system

Answer 12

amygdala
insula
anterior cingulate cortex
hypothalamus

Question 13

fn of amygdala in emotion

Answer 13

emotional intensity
importance of emotion experience + response
fear

Question 14

fn of insula in emotion

Answer 14

emotional/autonomic connection
disgust
bodily experience of emotion

Question 15

fn of ACC in emotion

Answer 15

attn
motivation
conscious subjective emotional experience

Question 16

fn of hypothalamus in emotion

Answer 16

emotional expression (i.e. inc HR + BP…face flushing)

Question 17

cortices involved in prefrontal cortex control of emotion

Answer 17

orbitofrontal cortex
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 18

fn of orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 18

reward and punishment

Question 19

fn of ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 19

postive and negative affective states (sadnes, happines)

Question 20

fn of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 20

acting on feelings

interaction of cognitive and emotional processing

Question 21

what two structures make up the limbic lobe (hint: they are both gyri)

Answer 21

cingulate gyrus

parahippocampal gyrus

Question 22

Papez circuit FN

Answer 22

connect cortex with hypothalamus

Question 23

Papez circuit pathway

Answer 23

1. mammillary bodies
2. anterior thalamic nucleus
3. cingulate gyrus
4. hippocampus via fornix
5. hypothalamus

Question 24

limbic system includes?

Answer 24

papez circuit +

1. orbital and prefrontal cortices
2. amygdala
3. mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
4. ventral parts of Basal ganglia

Question 25

what is sham rage

Answer 25

expression of anger/fear WITHOUT stimulus

Question 26

sham rage is a result of the disconnection of ____ to ____

Answer 26

posterior hypothalamus to cerebral cortex

Question 27

the cortex is required for emotional (expression or experience)

Answer 27

experience

Question 28

basic circuits for emotional expression are found in which brain structure?

Answer 28

1) diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulbs) | 2) brainstem

Question 29

what part of the brain inhibits the posterior hypothalamus (which is responsible for expression of anger/aggression)

Answer 29

telencephalon

Question 30

stimulation of medial hypothalamus results in

Answer 30

affective aggression | stimulating sympathetic system

Question 31

stimulation of lateral hypothalamus results in

Answer 31

predatory aggression (sympathetic system NOT stimulated)

Question 32

pathway medial hypothalamus starting from cortex

Answer 32

1. cortex 2. amygdala 3. medial hypothalamus 4. DLF 5. PAG

Question 33

pathway lateral hypothalamus starting from cortex

Answer 33

1. cortex 2. amygdala 3. lateral hypothalamus 4. MFB (medial forebrain bundle) 5. VTA

Question 34

if other regions of hypothalamus are generated (not lateral or medial), what response results?

Answer 34

responses characteristic of homeostasis

Question 35

if the hypothalamus is removed, aggression is reduced? T/F

Answer 35

False- amygdala

Question 36

amygdala links (a) with (b+c)

Answer 36

(a) cortex regions that process sensory info (b) hypothalamus + BS effector system (c) cognitive system

Question 37

hypothalamus and BS effector system controlled by amygdala is responsible for what fn?

Answer 37

fight or flight

Question 38

cognitive system controlled by by hypothalamus responsible for?

Answer 38

combine emotional significance of a sensory stimulus to guide behavior

Question 39

4 major functions of amygdala

Answer 39

emotional reactivity emotional perception emotional learning emotional salience

Question 40

results of kluver-bucy syndrome what parts of brain are removed?

Answer 40

remove amygdala, hippocampus, temporal lobes problems in visual recognition hypersexuality dont recognize fear flattened emotional response

Question 41

what issue with emotional learning do ppl without an amygdala have

Answer 41

cant do classical conditioning of fear

Question 42

what is emotional salience

Answer 42

expressing appropriate emotional response to stimulus

Question 43

``` lesion to amygdala....what happens to: emotional reactivity emotional perception emotional learning emotional salience ```

Answer 43

emotional reactivity: kluver-bucy syndrom emotional perception: cant recognize fear emotional learning: no classical conditioning in response to fear emotional salience: emotional response is equal for all stimuli

Question 44

3 nuclei of amygdala

Answer 44

medial basolateral central

Question 45

input of medial nucleus of amygdala

Answer 45

olfactory

Question 46

input of basolateral nucleus of amygdala

Answer 46

orbital prefrontal cortex medial prefrontal cortex anterior temporal cortex (emotional response)

Question 47

input of central nucleus of amygdala

Answer 47

hypothalamus and brainstem | ANS response

Question 48

insula has input to?

Answer 48

amygdala orbito-frontal cortex motor cortex ventral striatum

Question 49

insula receives input from

Answer 49

thalamus | amygdala

Question 50

what does ACC connect

Answer 50

frontal + cognitive cortices with limbic emotional regions

Question 51

two pleasure systems

Answer 51

anticipatory (wanting) | consummatory (liking)

Question 52

what parts of brain does anticipatory system use? | what is it called?

Answer 52

prefrontal cortex VTA nucleus accumbens mesolimbic DA sysem

Question 53

what parts of brain does consummatory system use? | what is/are this system called?

Answer 53

nucleus accumbens ventral pallidum opiate and serotonergic

Question 54

what type of neurons does the VTA have

Answer 54

DA and serotonin

Question 55

which two major pathways is the VTA part of? | what type of pathways are these? (DA or seratinergic)

Answer 55

mesolimbic mesocortical DA pathways

Question 56

what does mesolimbic connect

Answer 56

VTA to nucleus accumbens

Question 57

what does mesocortical connect

Answer 57

VTA to frontal cortex

Question 58

4 steps in emotional regulation

Answer 58

1. stimulus 2. understanding the stimulus 3. deciding what response to exhibit 4. response

Question 59

asymmetrical voluntary smile and symmetrical involuntary smile is characteristic of which type of lesion

Answer 59

right M1 lesion

Question 60

symmetrical voluntary smile and asymmetrical involuntary smile is characteristic of which type of lesion

Answer 60

left cingulate lesion