Lecture 3a-neurotransmission

Question 1

two types of synapses

Answer 1

electrical synapses

chemical synapses

Question 2

electrical synapses are connected by?

Answer 2

connexons

Question 3

three types of chemical CNS synapses

Answer 3

axodendritic
axoaxonic
axosomatic

Question 4

axoaxonic connect what to what?

Answer 4

axon to axon which connects to a third axon cell body

Question 5

axoaxonic synapses can act as _____

Answer 5

inhibitor/ activators

Question 6

relationship between amines and neuropeptides

Answer 6

act as neuromodulators

Question 7

3 criteria to define an NT

Answer 7

1. NT is synthesized and stored in pre-synaptic terminal
2. NT released in response to presynaptic depolarization in Ca++ dependent manner
3. if NT is experimentally applied must have the SAME response as it would if it was released from a pre-synaptic terminal and up-taken by a post-synaptic

Question 8

_______ are synthesized in the presynaptic terminal

Answer 8

amines + amino acids

Question 9

______ are synthesized in the RER

Answer 9

neuropeptides

Question 10

________ move via slow axonal transport

Answer 10

amines + amino acids

Question 11

neuropeptides use vesicles for transport t/f?

Answer 11

false-use secretory granules

Question 12

amino acids/amines move via slow axonal transport to the terminal. T/F?

Answer 12

false- neuropeptides do this

Question 13

what type NT is degraded after release

Answer 13

neuropeptides

Question 14

what type of NT is reuptaken into the next terminal after release

Answer 14

amino acids + amines

Question 15

two methods for localizing NTs

ask yourself too, what they do/how used

Answer 15

in situ hybridization

immunoctyo-chemistry

Question 16

two ways a NT can be dealt with after its released into synaptic cleft

Answer 16

reuptake

enzymatic destruction

Question 17

2 types of postsynaptic receptors

Answer 17

ionotropic receptors

metabotropic receptors

Question 18

what happens if NT isn’t cleared out of synaptic cleft

Answer 18

synapse might become desensitized to NT and stop responding to it

Question 19

each receptor binds a specific NT and each NT may bind to only one specific receptor. T/F?

Answer 19

false- NT mau bind to a number of different receptors

i.e Ach-gate Na+ channel vs. Ach G-protein coupled K+ channel

Question 20

what does a receptor agonist do

Answer 20

mimics the effects of a NT

Question 21

what does a receptor antagonist do

Answer 21

prevents NT from binding

Question 22

nicotine is a (a) in relation to Ach

Answer 22

agonist

Question 23

curare is a (a) in relation to ach

Answer 23

antagonist

Question 24

nicotine receptors are in ____muscle?

Answer 24

skeletal muscle

Question 25

muscarine receptors are in ____muscle ?

Answer 25

heart

Question 26

muscarine is a ?

Answer 26

agonist

Question 27

atropine is a?

Answer 27

antagonist

Question 28

what are the two agonists for the Ach receptor

Answer 28

nicotine | muscarine

Question 29

what are the two antagonist for the ACh receptor

Answer 29

curare | atropine

Question 30

what three agonist can replace glutamate | and on which receptors

Answer 30

NMDA (nmda receptor) kainate (kainate receptor) AMPA (ampa receptor)

Question 31

what type of receptors does NE bind to

Answer 31

alpha and beta

Question 32

what receptors does GABA bind to

Answer 32

GABAa and GABAb

Question 33

3 ways to study receptors

Answer 33

1) neuro-pharmacoligcal anaylsis - uses agonist + antagonists 2) ligand-binding methods- use radio labeled ligands 3) molecular analysis - study protein molecules that make up receptors

Question 34

what ion (a) binds to which receptors (b) to cause what effect (c) in EPSP

Answer 34

a) Na+ b) Ach or glutamate-gated ion channels c) depol

Question 35

what ion (a) binds to which receptors (b) to cause what effect (c) in IPSP

Answer 35

a) Cl- b) glycine or GABA-gated ion channels c) hyperpol

Question 36

where is the [ ] of Cl- greater, inside or outside cell

Answer 36

outside cell

Question 37

draw EPSP and IPSP graphs

Answer 37

see notes

Question 38

when internal resistance increases, λ ?

Answer 38

decreases

Question 39

when transmembrane resistance increases, λ?

Answer 39

increases

Question 40

describe shunting inhibition

Answer 40

1. inhibitory synapse (is ) located usually near cell body 2. excitation starts traveling down dendrite 3. IS opens Cl- channels 4. membrane resistance drops to -65 mv 5. excitation shunted away

Question 41

describe modulation

Answer 41

see notes

Question 42

three types of EPSP summation

Answer 42

action potential (the norm) spatial summation temporal summation

Question 43

what is spatial summation

Answer 43

multiple excitations form different pre-synaptic axons on the same axon

Question 44

what is temporal summation

Answer 44

one pre-synaptic axon on one axon but AP follow one after the other

Question 45

what is convergence

Answer 45

multiple NTs come to together to effect one system

Question 46

what is divergence

Answer 46

one NT can activate multiple systems and elicit different responses