lecture 13 Flashcards
what are factors in research designs (things that must be done for it to be considered research)
- random assignment to groups
- presence of control groups or conditions
- manipulation of the variables
what do single-case experiments lack that are found in a true experiment
random assignment and control groups
what do quasi-experiments lack that are found in a true experiment
random assignment
Which statement represents a quasi-experimental design?
a
The researcher developed a treatment program for individuals with PTSD and randomly assigned participants into the treatment and control groups.
b
The researcher wanted to learn more about a treatment for anxiety so she randomly assigned participants into treatment and control groups.
c
The researcher assessed health symptoms in deployed versus non-deployed veterans from the Gulf War.
d
The researcher randomly assigned students with ADHD into a neurofeedback group or a group that worked on homework with a tutor.
C
what is the difference between a case study and a single-case experiment
the single-case experiment includes manipulating a variable
what is a case study
in-depth investigation of a single case of interest and it is done through simple observation
what is an example of a single-case experiment?
checking for the effect of a treatment on an individual
How do single participant experiments compare to group designs?
a
Single participant experiments have about the same statistical power as group designs.
b
Single participant experiments feature higher statistical power than group designs.
c
Single participant experiments feature lower statistical power than group designs.
d
It is not possible to assess the statistical power of single participant experiments, but you can assess statistical power in group designs.
B
Which of the following is typical of participants in single case designs?
a
Two participants are randomly assigned into two treatment conditions.
b
A group of individuals, all with one disorder, are randomly assigned to a treatment condition or a control group.
c
One individual is chosen to be studied over time without any intervention technique.
d
A participant is included in the study because the variable of interest is present in that person.
D
what is a reversal design
it is when the participant undergoes a treatment and then the treatment is take away for them to go back to baseline level and then they are given the treatment again
what is a multiple baseline design
time is staggered between interventions and it is observed over time
what is a quasi-experiment variable
a variable that cannot be randomly assigned; ex-post-facto wherein participant assignment is already predetermined ex. age, marital status, gender
what is a quasi-experimental design
it is when you cannot use random assignment for participants because of quasi-experimental variables or an event where you cannot control who participates in it and what happens
describe the quasi-experiment design called: one-group post-test only
event -> post test
participants undergo an event and are only tested once after the event
describe the quasi-experiment design called: one-group pre-test/post-test
pre-test -> event -> post test
only a single group of participants undergo event and are tested before and after the event (repeated measures design)
describe the quasi-experiment design called: non-equivalent control group post-test only
when there is a control group that doesn’t undergo the event and used to compare to a group that underwent the event but data is only recorded after the event
describe the quasi-experiment design called: pre-test/post-test non-equivalent control group
when there is a control group that doesn’t undergo the event and used to compare to a group that underwent the event and data is recorded before and after the event
describe the threat to internal validity in a quasi-experiment: instrumental decay/change
it is when the method of collecting data changes
describe the threat to internal validity in a quasi-experiment: history
when data is collected over a long period of time so things might have changed that could affect the DV
describe the threat to internal validity in a quasi-experiment: maturation
usually deals with people who are younger than adults since a lot of changes occur during that age
describe the threat to internal validity in a quasi-experiment: testing
this is when individuals improve after being exposed to the test (IV)
describe the threat to internal validity in a quasi-experiment: participant attrition
some participants can drop out of experiment
describe the threat to internal validity in a quasi-experiment: self-selection to groups
people decide where they want to be and that it out of the control of the experimenters
what is a cohort design under quasi-experiments
it is when participants do not experience the event of interest at the start of the measure but still are followed over time
