Lecture 14, Limbic System

Question 1

Role of hypothalamus

Answer 1

regulates homeostatsis by interacting with and exerting important regulatory infleunces over homeostasis, endocrine, autonomic, limbic

Question 2

Homeostatic mechanisms and hypothalamus

Answer 2

mechanisms (not control)
controlling hunger, thirst, sexual desire, sleep-wake

Question 3

Median eminence

Answer 3

anterior portion of the infindibulum
hypothalamic neurons are releasing regulating factors carried by portal vessels to anterior pituitary

Question 4

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 4

important in maintaining appetite

Question 5

Medial hypothalamus

Answer 5

important in inhibiting appetite

Question 6

Anterior hypothalamus

Answer 6

detects increases body temp and activates mechanisms to decrease temp

Question 7

Posterior hypothalamus

Answer 7

functions to conserve heat

Question 8

Functions of limbic system

Answer 8

olfaction, memory, emotions/drives, homestatic functions

Question 9

Parahippocampal gyrus parts

Answer 9

entorhinal cortex
perirhinal cortex

Question 10

Rostral cingulate gyrus

Answer 10

emotions, with connections with anygdala, orbitofrontal, insular cortex. receives info about physically painful stimuli, emotional pain

Question 11

Middle Cingulate Gyrus

Answer 11

corresponds to cingulate motor areas, may be involved in aspects of movement control driven by emotions and reward

Question 12

Posterior Cingulate gyrus

Answer 12

higher order sensory functions and memory

Question 13

Hippocampal formation

Answer 13

continuation of parahippocampal gyrus
forms floor and medial wall of lateral ventricle
has 3 layers
important role in memory functions

Question 14

Medial orbitofrontal gyri

Answer 14

central to reward and decision making

Question 15

Temporal Poles

Answer 15

lesion can cause personality changes, changes in eating habits

Question 16

Anterior insular cortex

Answer 16

role in feeling of emotions like empathy, compassion, fairness

Question 17

Portions of limbic system

Answer 17

amydgala
hippocampus
thalamus
hypothalamus
basal ganglia
cingulate gyrus

Question 18

Amygdala

Answer 18

serves important functions in emotional, autonomic and neuroendocrine circuits of the limbic system
contains 2 major pathways–> stria terminalis, ventral amygdalaofugal

Question 19

Stria terminalis

Answer 19

may carry olfactory info that increases or decreases appetite, depending on order

Question 20

Ventral amygdalofungal pathway

Answer 20

projections to forebrain
emotion, motivation, cognitive functions
homeostatic function, behavioral arousal

Question 21

What two main regions of the brain are critical for memory formation?

Answer 21

Medial temporal lobe
Medial diencephalic

connected by various pathways, white matter

Question 22

Hippocampal formation

Answer 22

jelly roll that curved around on itself to create 3 different regions

dentate, hippocampus proper, subiculum (fibria, entry points for axons)

Question 23

Anterior part of hippocampus

Answer 23

stress and emotions

Question 24

Posterior portion of hippocampus

Answer 24

spatial and explicit memories

Question 25

Perforant Pathway

Answer 25

role in episodic memory
also known as the indirect pathway

Entorhimal cortex –> dentate gyrus –> mossy fibers –> hippocampus CA3 –> schaffer collateral fibers –> hippocampal CA1 –> fornix

goes back to entorthimal cortex

Question 26

Dentate

Answer 26

deepest structure

Question 27

Hippocampus proper

Answer 27

area nearest lateral ventricle