Lecture 2 & 3

Question 1

Corticospinal tract

Answer 1

main motor pathway in humans
begins in M1 and projects down
control on opposite side of body

Question 2

Upper motor neurons

Answer 2

all in the CNS
project from cortex down to the brainstem or spinal cord

Question 3

Lower motor neurons

Answer 3

CNS/PNS
located in anterior horns
affect muscles in periphery

Question 4

Somatic sensation

Answer 4

touch, pain, temperature, vibration, proprioception

Question 5

Somatic systems

Answer 5

DCML
ALS
have pseudounipolar neurons

Question 6

ALS conveys

Answer 6

pain, temperature sense, crude touch

Question 7

DCML conveys

Answer 7

proprioception, vibration, discriminative touch

Question 8

impact on Broca’s area

Answer 8

cannot produce language

Question 9

impact on wernicke’s area

Answer 9

can produce language but not sensible

Question 10

Apraxia

Answer 10

parietal lobe
abnormalities in conceptualizing, planning, executing

Question 11

Hemineglect

Answer 11

parietal lobe
neglect of contralateral side
distortion of space

Question 12

Ansognosia

Answer 12

parietal lobe
unawareness of deficit

Question 13

Extinction

Answer 13

parietal lobe
unable to correctly identified stimulus when simultaneously presented; can’t identify on opposite side of lesion

Question 14

Frontal release signs

Answer 14

grasp, root, suck, snout

Question 15

Perseveration

Answer 15

frontal lobe
repeating same action over and over again

Question 16

Personality changes

Answer 16

frontal lobe
impaired judgement, cheerful lack of concern, inappropriate joking

Question 17

Abulic

Answer 17

frontal lobe
stare passively and respond to commands after long delay

Question 18

Magnetic gait

Answer 18

frontal lobe
feet shuffling close to floor

Question 19

Prosopagnosia

Answer 19

Visual association cortex
inability to recognize faces

Question 20

Achromatopsia

Answer 20

Visual association cortex
inability to recognize colors

Question 21

Palinopsia

Answer 21

Visual association cortex
persistent or reappearance of an object viewed earlier

Question 22

Thalamus

Answer 22

important relay center of the cortex
made mostly of gray matter
each sensory modality has a different relay area

Question 23

parkinson’s

Answer 23

impact on basal ganglia

Question 24

Brainstem

Answer 24

all info passing between cerebral hemispheres and spinal cord passes through here
contains nuclei that help with neurotransmitters, pain, HR, BP, respiration, motor system

Question 25

Reticular formation

Answer 25

extends through brainstem from medulla to midbrain. mainly arousal and sensation caudal: invovled in motor and autonomic rostral: level of consciousness

Question 26

Tectum

Answer 26

roof in the midbrain

Question 27

lateral horns in T10

Answer 27

contains cell bodies for autonomic nervous system

Question 28

Limbic system

Answer 28

regulation of emotions, memory, appetite lesions cause deficits in long-term memories epileptic seizures in this area

Question 29

SCALP

Answer 29

Skin Connective tissue Aponeurotica (galea) Loose connective tissue Pericranium

Question 30

Falx cerebri

Answer 30

dura mater, splits the brain in half/hemispheres

Question 31

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 31

dura mater, covers the cerebellum areas above and below --supratentorial, infratentorial opening = tentorial notch

Question 32

Epidural space

Answer 32

space between inner surface of skull and dura middle meningeal artery runs in here

Question 33

Subdural space

Answer 33

space between inner layer of dura and the arachnoid mater

Question 34

Subarachnoid space

Answer 34

CSF filled space

Question 35

Lateral ventricle

Answer 35

within cerebral hemispheres

Question 36

Third ventricle

Answer 36

within thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 37

Fourth ventrilce

Answer 37

within pons, medulla, cerebellum

Question 38

Lumbar cistern

Answer 38

spinal tap/punctures occur here

Question 39

Sinuses

Answer 39

Deoxygenated blood drain into the internal jugular vein

Question 40

Brain capillary

Answer 40

have tight junctions requires active transport

Question 41

Role of BBB

Answer 41

protects brain function from fluctuations in blood chemistry

Question 42

Circumventricular organs

Answer 42

areas of BBB is interrupted allows brain to respond to changes in chemicals

Question 43

Middle cerebral artery

Answer 43

most common area for stroke