Lecture 15: Organs and Tissues

Question 1

Epithelium

Answer 1

thin outer skin lining

Question 2

Mesenchyme

Answer 2

forms connective tissue

Question 3

Epidermi

Answer 3

above dermis

Question 4

Ground Tissue

Answer 4

plant tissue other than dermal and vascular tissue

Question 5

Vascular Tissue

Answer 5

the conducting tissue in plants

Question 6

extracellular matrix

Answer 6

a connective tissue inbetween two cells

Question 7

Where do toenails and fingernails grow from

Answer 7

extracellular matrix

Question 8

Extracellular deposits

Answer 8

ligin, bones

Question 9

Collagen

Answer 9

extracellular protein fibers

Question 10

cytoskeleton

Answer 10

system of filaments and tubules that keep things intact in the cell

Question 11

intermediate filaments

Answer 11

only present in animals

Question 12

keratin

Answer 12

protein that helps form hair and nails

Question 13

microtubules

Answer 13

tubulin structure

Question 14

tubulin

Answer 14

makes microtubules

Question 15

kinesin

Answer 15

motor proteins that are atp dependent and help with microtubules
anterograde transport

Question 16

dynesin

Answer 16

motor proteins that are atp dependent and help with microtubules
retrograde transport

Question 17

what is actin in?

Answer 17

microfilaments

Question 18

myosin

Answer 18

muscle contraction

Question 19

integrins

Answer 19

receptors used by animal cells to bind to matrix

Question 20

What is the kidneys specialized for?

Answer 20

filtration of waste from the blood

Question 21

cell junctions

Answer 21

provide adhesion or contact with neighboring cells

Question 22

extracellular polysaccharide filaments

Answer 22

chitin and cellulose

Question 23

extracellular “jellies”

Answer 23

pectin, glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)

Question 24

fibroblasts

Answer 24

secret collagen as major component of connective tissue

Question 25

What forms within a collagen fibril?

Answer 25

covalent crosslinks

Question 26

What disease is the lack of collagen crosslinking associated with?

Answer 26

scurvy

Question 27

what. vitamin serves as an essential cofactor for collagen crosslinking?

Answer 27

vitamin c

Question 28

What are cytoskeleton fibers held together by?

Answer 28

non-covalent linkages

Question 29

What type of filament does mechanical. stability?(2)

Answer 29

IFs and actin

Question 30

What type of filament does cell morphology and cell division?(2)

Answer 30

MTs and actin

Question 31

What type of filament does cargo transport?

Answer 31

MT

Question 32

What type of filament does cell movement?(2)

Answer 32

MTs and actin

Question 33

What do linked intermediate filaments make?

Answer 33

sturdy mesh like keratin

Question 34

Which type of filament has directionality?

Answer 34

microtubules

Question 35

Which type of filament plays a key role. in separating genome during mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 35

microtubules

Question 36

Cilia and flagella

Answer 36

microtubules

Question 37

How do vesicles travel?

Answer 37

tubulin tracks

Question 38

Which direction do kinesins travel

Answer 38

plus end(cell periphery)

Question 39

What direction do dynesins travel

Answer 39

towards centrosomes(near nucleus)

Question 40

What are non-covalent linkage of actin subunits?

Answer 40

microfilaments

Question 41

What uses ATP hydrolysis to crawl along or pull actin filaments

Answer 41

myosins

Question 42

What happens when myosins move actin filaments

Answer 42

muscle contraction

Question 43

what is the special type of extracellular matrix found attached to epithelial sheets?

Answer 43

basal lamina

Question 44

Three ways epithelial cells can be held together

Answer 44

1. actin 2. intermediate 3. basal lamina fibers

Question 45

What pairs to attach cells together

Answer 45

cadherens

Question 46

What attaches cells to the extracellular matrix

Answer 46

integrins

Question 47

Similarity between cadherens and integrins

Answer 47

both attach to cytoskeleton inside the cell

Question 48

metastasis

Answer 48

ability to pass basal lamina to drive expression in malignant cancer cells

Question 49

Where is the extracellular. matrix loctaed for plants?

Answer 49

in. cell. wall

Question 50

What. is. the extracellular matrix made of. in plnats?

Answer 50

cellulose

Question 51

What is the primary component of animal celll extracellular matrix?

Answer 51

collagen

Question 52

What do epithelial form?

Answer 52

sheets with distinct polarity

Question 53

cadherins

Answer 53

join cell skeleton cell to cell

Question 54

integrins

Answer 54

anchor cell cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix

Question 55

What two proteins contribute to movement or transport of protein to the cell membrane

Answer 55

myosin and kinesin