Lecture 8

Question 1

How do most cells source their energy?

Answer 1

Phosphorylating ATP

Question 2

Define metabolism

Answer 2

changing energy state and changes molecules

Question 3

Define catabolism

Answer 3

breaking down organic molecules

Question 4

Define anabolism

Answer 4

building organic molecules

Question 5

What are the two organism classification criterias?

Answer 5

1. source of energy
2. source of carbon

Question 6

What is the classification for a vascular plant?

Answer 6

photo-autotroph

Question 7

What is the classification for non-sulfur bacteria?

Answer 7

photo heterotroph

Question 8

What is the classification for sulfur bacteria

Answer 8

chemo-autotroph

Question 9

What is the classification for most bacteria and animals

Answer 9

chemo-heterotroph

Question 10

Define phototrophs

Answer 10

source energy from sunlight

Question 11

Define chemotrophs

Answer 11

source energy from chemical compounds

Question 12

Define autotrophs

Answer 12

carbon from inorganic

Question 13

Define heterotrophs

Answer 13

carbon from organic

Question 14

Define energy

Answer 14

capacity to do work

Question 15

Define work

Answer 15

capacity to move against a restriction

Question 16

Define potential energy

Answer 16

energy stored

Question 17

What is ion differential across a membrane an example of?

Answer 17

potential energy

Question 18

What is energy stored in phosphodiester bonds in ATP considered?

Answer 18

potential energy

Question 19

How are the phosphates in ATP create energy?

Answer 19

the negative charges are pushed together and create energy potential

Question 20

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 20

energy is neither gained or lost–only changes form

Question 21

Define enthalpy

Answer 21

storage of energy in chemical bonds

Question 22

What do chemical reactions do?

Answer 22

change covalent bonds between atoms

Question 23

Define entropy

Answer 23

the “spontaneous” reaction

Question 24

What is the “favored” reaction type?

Answer 24

entropy/disorder

Question 25

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 25

energy transfers are not fully efficient

Question 26

Why does protein synthesis not violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics?(2 reasons)

Answer 26

1. it releases some heat from amino acid tRNA bond breakage 2. the disorder in the overall system increases

Question 27

Write out the equation for energy in a system(In letters)

Answer 27

H = G + S*T

Question 28

Write out the equation for energy in a system (in words)

Answer 28

Enthalpy = Gibbs + Entropy * Temp

Question 29

Write the gibbs free energy equation(in letters)

Answer 29

Delta G = Delta H -T* Delta S

Question 30

Write the gibbs free energy equation(in words)

Answer 30

gibbs = enthalpy -temp * entropy

Question 31

What does delta G <0 mean?

Answer 31

spontaneous and exergonic

Question 32

What does delta G>0 mean?

Answer 32

endergonic