Lecture 15 - The Trunk and Torso Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 3 arches in the foot?
A
- medial longitudinal arch
- lateral longitudinal arch
- transverse arch
2
Q
what is it called when your pinky toe doesn’t touch the floor during regular standing?
A
- forefoot valgus
3
Q
what is it called when your big toe doesn’t touch the floor during regular standing?
A
- forefoot varus
4
Q
what is varus alignment?
A
- abnormal
- distal segment is rotated too far medially
5
Q
what is valgus alignment?
A
- abnormal
- distal segment is rotated too far laterally
6
Q
what is torsion alignment?
A
- abnormal
- bone proximal to the joint is twisted on the transverse plane (knees in or out)
- common in cerebral palsy, treated with bracing
7
Q
what is regular spinal alignment?
A
- cervical = 7 = lordosis
- thoracic = 12 = kyphosis
- lumbar = 5 = lordosis
8
Q
why does the spine naturally curve?
A
- shock absorption
- acts as a spring
9
Q
what happens if you have excessive lordosis?
A
- posterior loading is excessive
- will cause lower back problems
10
Q
what happens if you have excessive kyphosis?
A
- upper back problems
- bad for breathing
11
Q
what happens if your spine is not regularly aligned?
A
- squeeze the intervertebral discs
- results in a bulge or potential rupture
- this is painful
12
Q
what happens to the cervical spine with whiplash?
A
- loss of natural cervical lordosis (due to anterior spasm)
13
Q
why do you hold our breath when lifting heavy weights?
A
- to keep the torso stable and cause a rigid body
- this takes the load off of the spine
14
Q
what muscles help stabilize the spine? (11)
A
- rectus abdominus
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- psoas
- serratus posterior
- levators
- transversospinalis
- interspinalis
- intertransversarii
- erector spinae
- quadratus lumborum
15
Q
why is anterior/posterior tilt bad?
A
- puts stress on the muscles
- weakens the muscles
- can squish intervertebral discs
