Lecture 13 - Upper Extremity

Question 1

what are the 5 joints in the arm?

Answer 1

• shoulder (humerus and scapula aka glenohumeral joint)
• shoulder girdle (scapula and ribcage)
• elbow
• radial-ulnar joint
• wrist

Question 2

what is the glenoid fossa?

Answer 2

• a shallow depression in the lateral scapula (golf ball on tee)
• ringed by the rotator cuff (deepens the socket)
• mobilizes and stabilizes the shoulder joint

Question 3

what 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff? and what are their directions of pull?

Answer 3

• supraspinatus –> medial and superior
• subscapularis –> medial and inferior
• teres minor –> medial and inferior
• infraspinatus –> medial and inferior

Question 4

what muscles are responsible/cooperate to create internal-external rotation?

Answer 4

• lat, teres major, subscapularis, pec major, posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 5

what muscle is responsible for arm abduction?

Answer 5

• the deltoid

Question 6

what is shoulder impingement syndrome?

Answer 6

• when the supraspinatus tendon impinges between the humeral head and the acromion of the scapula
• if this gets too swollen, bursa may burst

Question 7

what are the 2 joints involved in shoulder girdle motion?

Answer 7

• sterno-clavicular joint
• scapulo-thoracic joint

Question 8

what is the role of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 8

• elevation
• depression
• upward rotation (frontal plane)
• downward rotation (frontal plane)
• protraction (transverse plane)
• retraction (transverse plane)
  *doesn’t have a stabilizing component

Question 9

what are the stabilizers of the elbow?

Answer 9

• annular ligament
• articular capsule
• ulnar collateral ligament
• interosseous ligament
• radial collateral ligament

Question 10

when are the radial-ulna bones crossed?

Answer 10

• during pronation

Question 11

what are the mobilizers of the radial-ulna joint?

Answer 11

• pronator teres
• pronator quadratus
• biceps
• brachioradialis

Question 12

what is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 12

• when the “tunnel” formed by the carpal bones arch and transverse carpal ligament on the palmar side is irritated
• this tunnel contains tendons, blood vessels and nerves, inflammation of any of these structures increases tunnel pressure –> leading to pain and numbness