Lecture 16

Question 1

What is the basic organisation of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Consists ot spinal cord and brain, the cells within these include neurons and glia.

Question 2

Describe the general structure of a neuron.

Answer 2

Nerve cell that consists of dendrites, cell body, axon and axon terminal.

Question 3

How is the structure of a neuron functionally related to the flow of information.?

Answer 3

Neurons are specialised for transition of information. They have input, summation, conduction and output zones that allows chemical and electrical information to be receives processes, carried and released.

Question 4

How does the structure of neurons vary to give four different morphologies?

Answer 4

Cells specialised for different functions look different, neurons can be multipolar, bipolar, unipolar or a Anaxonic.

Question 5

5 types of glia cells?

Answer 5

Astrocytes,ependymal, microglia, olygodendrocytes and Schwann cells which are part of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 6

What is myelin sheath, what is its benefit and what cells is it involved in?

Answer 6

Lipid fat wrapped around an axon, multiple Schwann cells in a line. in olgodensracytes and Schwann cells.

Question 7

What are noses of ranvier ?

Answer 7

Gaps between myelin that increases conduction velocity.

Question 8

What is a synapse?

Answer 8

The junction Where communication between neurons occurs. Electrical nerve impulses change to chemical signals at the synapse a neurotransmitter is released.
.

Question 9

What is the presynaptic neuron?

Answer 9

Neuron that contains synaptic vesicles and releases a neurotransmitter- before synapse takes place.

Question 10

What is the post synaptic neuron ?

Answer 10

Neuron that contains receptors for neurotransmitters - after synapse occurs.

Question 11

What is afforestation, ascending information flow?

Answer 11

Flow of information into the brain

Question 12

Is efferent, descending flow of information ?

Answer 12

Response out of the brain

Question 13

Function of dendrites?

Answer 13

Receive input and send information to cell body.

Question 14

Function of cell body?

Answer 14

Contains the nucleus und organelles, also sums input.

Question 15

Function of Axon?

Answer 15

Carries electrical impulses. Can be myelinated in some cells.

Question 16

Function of axon terminals?

Answer 16

Located at the end ot axon, where neurotransmitter gets released.

Question 17

Role of astrocytes

Answer 17

Supplied nutrients to neurons.
Ensheath blood capillaries.
Injury response.

Question 18

Role of ependymal cells.

Answer 18

Lines fluid filled spaces of the brain and spinal cord.

Have cilia to circulate CSF

Question 19

Role of olygodendrocytes

Answer 19

Supports nerve fibres and ensheath them with myelin.

Question 20

Role of microglia

Answer 20

Immune cells of central nervous system.

Engulfs microorganisms and debris.

Question 21

Role of Schwann cells

Answer 21

Support peripheral nerve fibres and ensheath them with myelin.

Question 22

Location and role of input zone?

Answer 22

Dendrites and cell body.

Receives chemical signals from other neurons.

Question 23

Location and role of summation zone

Answer 23

Axon hillock.

Summation of inputs

Question 24

Location and role of conduction zone.

Answer 24

Axon.
Carries electrical signals between different parts of brain and spinal cord as well as from peripheral sensory receptors to effector cells.

Question 25

Location and role of output zone

Answer 25

Axon Terminals.
Contract with input zone.
Release of neurotransmitter.