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Virology > Lecture 16/17 4/2/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 16/17 4/2/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of contagious ecthyma/orf?

A

-parapoxvirus
-goats and sheep
-direct contact
-highly resistant in environment; 7-10 yrs
-zoonotic

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2
Q

What is the epidemiology of orf?

A

-worldwide
-common in young with immune suppression, stress, or under-developed immune response

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3
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of orf?

A

-seen at mucocutaneous junctions
-infectious dermatitis
-papules/vesicles/pustular lesions

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4
Q

How is orf diagnosed?

A

-characteristic lesion
-PCR on scabs

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5
Q

What treatment and control measures are used for orf?

A

-supportive care only; no antivirals in food animals
-vaccination via scarification
-natural infection provides good immunity

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?

A

-retrovirus
-infectious, neoplastic nasal disease
-aerosol transmission
-sheep

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7
Q

What is the epidemiology of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?

A

-can be widespread in flocks
-sporadic occurences

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8
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?

A

-seen in mature animals
-nasal adenocarcinoma
-unilateral or bilateral discharge
-serous, mucoid, or purulent discharge with blood
-progressive inspiratory dyspnea
-facial deformity

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9
Q

What are the other differentials for an animal with the clinical signs of nasal adenocarcinoma?

A

-foreign body
-Oestrus ovis/nasal bots
-bact. infections

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10
Q

How is nasal adenocarcinoma diagnosed?

A

-not responding to treatment for other ailments
-histopath. and PCR following necropsy

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11
Q

How is nasal adenocarcinoma treated?

A

-supportive care
-culling, esp. in commercial situations

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

A

-retrovirus
-infectious, neoplastic lung disease
-aerosol transmission
-sheep

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13
Q

What is the epidemiology of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

A

-sporadic disease
-worldwide

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14
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

A

-seen in mature animals
-afebrile
-resp distress
-crackles
-panting

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15
Q

How is ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma diagnosed?

A

-clinical signs
-thoracic ultrasound
-histopath. at necropsy
-main differential is OPP; must distinguish

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma treatment and control?

A

-no rewarding treatment
-cull infected animals
-good biosecurity
-house based on age

17
Q

What are the characteristics of ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

-retrovirus
-does NOT cause cancer
-persists in blood mononuclear cells
-oral and aerosol transmission
-sheep

18
Q

What is the pathology of ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

-chronic inflammation and fibrosis
-infection in lungs causes them to be firm and heavy; diffusion impairment
-infection in udder causes hard udder
-infection in cervix causes “ring womb;” cannot dilate, must undergo C-section

19
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

-sheep older than 4 yo
-chronic, progressive pneumonia
-slow progression
-afebrile
-increasing resp. distress

20
Q

How is OPP diagnosed?

A

-PCR
-ELISA

21
Q

What are the treatment and control measures taken for OPP?

A

-any seropos. animal can transmit disease
-no treatment
-test and cull
-use colostrum/milk from seroneg. dams, heat treat colostrum, or use milk replacer

22
Q

What are the characteristics of caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

A

-retrovirus
-persists in blood mononuclear cells
-oral, aerosol, and fomite transmission
-goats

23
Q

What is the epidemiology of caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

A

-widespread
-more common in dairy operations
-seen with colostrum feeding and new additions

24
Q

What are the possible clinical manifestations of caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

A

-asymptomatic
-leukoencephalomyelitis: kids age 2-6 mo.
-chronic polysynovitis
-indurative mastitis
-interstitial pneumonia

25
Q

How is caprine arthritis and encephalitis diagnosed?

A

-clinical signs
-ELISA/AGID serology: serial testing
-VI or PCR

26
Q

What are the treatment and control measures for caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

A

-no treatment
-test and cull
-take precautions with rearing neonates

27
Q

What are the characteristics of border disease?

A

-pestivirus D
-persistent infection; can have PIs
-neurotropism
-SHEEP, goats, cattle, llamas

28
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of border disease?

A

-embryonic death
-abortion
-hairy shaker disease
-persistent infection/viremia
-acute infection in adults; subclinical

29
Q

What are the characteristics of hairy shaker disease?

A

-babies born after in-utero exposure to border disease
-long hair coat
-tremors
-poor confirmation
-failure to thrive

30
Q

How is border disease diagnosed?

A

-clinical signs
-IHC
-PCR
-serology

31
Q

What are the treatment and control measures for border disease?

A

-no treatment or vaccine
-identify PIs and remove from herd

32
Q

What are the characteristics of cache valley fever?

A

-arbovirus
-transmitted by mosquitos
-endemic to North America
-sheep
-zoonotic

33
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of cache valley virus?

A

-disease in naive animals
-infertility
-embryonic death
-stillborn lambs
-congenital abnormalities
-weak lambs

34
Q

How is cache valley virus diagnosed?

A

paired serology

35
Q

What are the control measures taken for cache valley virus?

A

-no vaccine
-control vectors
-reportable if greater than 10% incidence

36
Q

What are the characteristics of blue tongue?

A

-arbovirus
-arthropod-borne
-spread via culicoides
-reportable
-SHEEP, goats, cattle, llamas

37
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of blue tongue?

A

-mostly subclinical
peracute:
-death
-pulmonary edema
-congestion
systemic vasculitis:
-edema
-hemorrhage
-inflammation
-necrosis
-cyanotic tongue
-lameness
-high fever; 105F
repro:
-malformed neonates
-infertility
-abortion

38
Q

What are the treatment and control measures for blue tongue?

A

-supportive care
-monovalent vx
–not cross-protective; 8-12 serotypes
-vector control

Virology (22 decks)

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