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Virology > Lecture 18/21 4/9/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 18/21 4/9/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine papilloma virus?

A

-DNA virus
-direct and indirect contact; body fluids, fomites
-highly resistant in environment

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2
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of bovine papilloma virus?

A

papillomas on skin of young and/or immunocompromised animals

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine papilloma virus diagnosis and treatment?

A

-diagnosed presumptively/by ruling out other things
-treatment not usually warranted due to self-limiting nature

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4
Q

How is bovine papilloma virus controlled?

A

-commercial or autogenous vx
-disinfection
-isolation of heavily infected animals

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine papular stomatitis?

A

-parapoxvirus
-seen in young animals < 2 yo
-zoonotic

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6
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of bovine papular stomatitis?

A

vesicular lesions on lips and mouth

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine papular stomatitis treatment and control?

A

-spontaneous resolution over time
-differentiate from other vesicular diseases

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4?

A

-life-long infection
-recrudescence from trigeminal nerve
-mostly dermatological
-associated with cold weather and dried/damaged skin

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9
Q

What is the most common clinical manifestation seen with bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4?

A

-bovine ulcerative mammallitis
-plaques with edema
-severe ulceration
-vesicles
-dark colored scabs

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10
Q

How is bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4 diagnosed?

A

-clinical signs
-viral identification

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4 treatment and control?

A

-supportive care and control of secondary infection
-disinfect fomites, esp. those in the milking process

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of parainfluenza-3?

A

-associated with bovine resp. disease complex
-mild to subclinical infections; can cause immunosuppression resulting in pneumonia

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13
Q

What treatment is given for parainfluenza-3?

A

-supportive care
-antibiotics for secondary infections

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of parainfluenza-3 diagnosis and controL?

A

-virus typically ID’d in tissue at necropsy
-commercially available vx for control

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine resp. syncytial virus?

A

-RNA virus
-cytopathic effect that causes syncytial cells
-part of BRD complex

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16
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of bovine resp. syncytial virus?

A

-interstitial pneumonia
-high fever
-increased RR
-dyspnea/open mouth breathing
-SQ emphysema
-interstitial edema

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17
Q

How is bovine resp. syncytial virus diagnosed?

A

-paired serology
-ID of virus
-thoracic US

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18
Q

How is bovine resp. syncytial virus treated and controlled?

A

-supportive care and antibiotics for secondary infections
-steroids for dyspnea
-vaccination for control

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine corona virus?

A

-resp. and alimentary disease
-part of normal virome
-BRD complex

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20
Q

What is the alimentary clinical manifestation of BCoV in calves?

A

-calf scours
-small int. malabsorptive diarrhea
-calves ages 2-6 wks

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21
Q

What is the alimentary clinical manifestation of BCoV in adults?

A

-winter dysentery
-acute diarrhea
-massive decrease in milk production
-100% morbidity

22
Q

How is BCoV treated?

A

-usually self-limiting
-supportive care
-antibiotics for secondary infections

23
Q

How is BCoV diagnosed and controlled?

A

-serology or viral ID
-vaccines and hygiene for control

24
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 1?

A

-latent infections
-recrudescence with stress
-seen in high stress pop.; feedlot/stockers, pregnancy

25
Q

Which diseases are associated with bovine herpesvirus 1?

A

-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (red nose)
-conjunctivitis
-abortion
-vaginitis
-infectious pustular balanoposthitis
-BRD complex

26
Q

How is bovine herpesvirus 1 diagnosed?

A

-viral ID/PCR
-seroconversion

27
Q

How is bovine herpesvirus 1 controlled?

A

-minimizing stress
-biosecurity
-vaccination
–MLV vx can cause abortion in naive cows

28
Q

What are the characteristics of BVDV?

A

-RNA virus; lots of mutation
-genotypes 1 and 2
-biotypes cytopathic and non-cytopathic
-NCP type 1 and type 2 can cause PIs
-possible in cattle, goats, sheep, llamas, pigs

29
Q

How are animals exposed to BVDV?

A

-inhalation of resp. secretions
-abortive tissue
-sexual transmission

30
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of BVDV?

A

-acute disease/immunosuppression
-resp. immunosuppression and BRD signs
-diarrhea in young animals and mucosal disease in PIs
-infertility/abortion/embryonic death/congenital defects/PIs

31
Q

During which timeframe is it possible for a NCP infection to cause PIs?

A

from conception to around 120 days of gestation

32
Q

What happens in BVDV PI calves?

A

-virus is recognized as self by the developing immune system
-exposure to cytopathic BVDV at a later date can lead to severe mucosal disease

33
Q

How is BVDV diagnosed?

A

PIs:
-antigen capture ELISA
-IHC of tissue
Exposure:
-viral ID on blood or tissue
-serum neutralizing AB

34
Q

How is BVDV controlled?

A

-vaccination
–not cross-protective, must vx for both strains
-biosecurity

35
Q

What are the characteristics of bovine leukosis virus?

A

-oncogenic retrovirus
-lifelong infection
-causes lymphosarcoma
-infects lymphocytes
-horizontal, blood-to-blood, or colostrum spread
-seen in dairy more than beef

36
Q

How does age play a role in determining the cause of lymphosarcoma in cattle?

A

-in cattle 2 yrs or older, it is always associated with BLV
-juveniles can get lymphosarcoma that is non-viral

37
Q

What are the predilection sites for lymphosarcoma?

A

-heart
-uterus
-lymph nodes
-abomasum
-spine

38
Q

How is BLV diagnosed?

A

-clinical signs associated with neoplasia
-PCR
-serology

39
Q

How is BLV controlled?

A

-minimize blood-to-blood contact
-colostrum management
-test and cull/segregation

40
Q

What are the characteristics of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

-ovine herpesvirus 2
-reportable; looks like foot and mouth disease
-transmitted via nasal secretions
-cattle are dead end hosts; no other infection
-cattle infected when in close proximity to sheep
-mostly seen in cattle 24 mo. or younger

41
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

-widespread vasculitis
-lymphoid proliferation
-lymphadenopathy
-nasal/oral/coronary band lesions
-hemorrhagic enteritis and cystitis
-centipedal corneal edema
-neurologic signs
-mortality near 100%

42
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for malignant catarrhal fever?

A

-BVDV
-BHV-1
-blue tongue
-vesicular stomatitis
-EHD
-FMD

43
Q

How is malignant catarrhal fever diagnosed?

A

PCR of virus

44
Q

How is malignant catarrhal fever controlled?

A

separation of carriers

45
Q

What are the characteristics of epizootic hemorrhagic disease?

A

-arbovirus
-spread by midges
-cyclic outbreaks
-cattle, deer, buffalo

46
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of EHD?

A

-severe vasculitis
-high rectal temp
-hemorrhage and swelling
-excessive salivation
-anorexia

47
Q

How is EHD diagnosed?

A

-clinical signs
-viral ID/PCR

48
Q

How is EHD controlled?

A

-vector control
-wildlife pop. control

49
Q

What are the characteristics of vesicular stomatitis?

A

-visiculovirus
-spread by biting flies and midges
-zoonotic via direct contact
-reportable
-main differential FMD; causes vesicular lesions
-seen in cattle, horses, llamas, pigs, sheep, goats

50
Q

How is vesicular stomatitis diagnosed?

A

-clinical signs
-serologic or antigen detection

51
Q

How is vesicular stomatitis controlled?

A

-biosecurity
-vector control

Virology (22 decks)

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