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Food and Nutrition 1030 > Lecture 16 - Life Cycle Nutrition > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Life Cycle Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Is it true that baby takes everything from mom during pregnancy?

A

No, first mom gets nutrients then placenta then baby.

-Baby only takes up Fe towards the end

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2
Q

What should you do to prepare for pregnancy?

A
  • Achieve and maintain healthy body weight
  • physically active
  • Blanaced diet
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3
Q

In which trimester are abortions common?

A

T1 and T2 because mom might not even know she is pregnant at this time

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4
Q

What are critical periods?

A

Times of intense development and rapid cell division that only happen at certain times

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5
Q

Why is there folate supplementation in food?

A

Because at this time women don’t really know if they are pregnant so in order to project them just in case

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6
Q

What is the critical period for neural tube development?

A

17-30 days of gestation

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7
Q

What happens when moms have periods of undernutrition?

A

Periods of undernutrition during key or regular parts of development could result in the underdevelopment of an organ which may lead to chronic disease for the baby

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8
Q

What is the most reliable measure of infant health?

A

Birthweight

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9
Q

Does weigh prior to conception affect baby?

A

yes can influence fetal growth

  • undeerweight: increase preterm birth and infant death
  • Overweight: medical complications and risk for infant
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10
Q

What happens if mom ingests a lot of glucose?

A

Glucose is transferred to the baby and then it can have a higher chance of developing diabetes at a younger age

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11
Q

How much weight gain is recommended?

A

Based on prepregnancy BMI
Normal weight- 25-35lbs
Underweight- 28-40lbs
Overweight- 15-25lbs

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12
Q

When are you not supposed to gain weight?

A

First trimester, but nutrient needs are very high

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13
Q

How many extra cals/day are women supposed to consumed based on their trimester?

A

1-0kcals
2-340kcals
3-450kclas

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14
Q

How many carbs are you supposed to intake?

A

135g/day

-want baby to grow on glucose and not ketone bodies

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15
Q

What is the protein requirement?

A

+25g/day

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16
Q

What is the fat requirement ?

A

no set limit but essential fatty acids are required DHA & EPA

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17
Q

What is morning sickness caused by and when does it happen??

A

Usually all day for 20 weeks, and caused by hormonal changes

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18
Q

What side effects of pregnancy occur due to baby crowding organs?

A
  • Constipation and haemorrhoids
  • Heartburn
  • Food cravings
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19
Q

What is Pica?

A

When you eat non food items, usually hormone related and associated with iron deficiency anemia

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20
Q

What contributes to hale of children deaths world wide?

A

Malnutition coupled with LBW

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21
Q

How might Malnutrition impact fertility?

A

Reduce production of viable sperm

Amenorrheea

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22
Q

How might malnutrition impact early stages of pregnancy?

A

affects healthy placenta development

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23
Q

How might malnutrition impact fetal development?

A
  • fetal growth retardation
  • congenital malformations
  • spontaneous abortions and stillbirth
  • Preterm
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24
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

Develops in second half and leads to complications during labour and high infant birthweight
-can result in birth defects

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25
Q

What is the problem with having a baby when you are an adolescent?

A

Young moms are not fully developed and produce a lot of stress on the body

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26
Q

What is the problem with having a baby when you are older?

A

Complications often reflect a chronic condition

Risk to fetus

27
Q

What heavy metals are especially bad for pregnancy?

A

Lead and Mercury

28
Q

What bacterial illness are pregnant women most susceptible too?

A

20x more likely to get Listeria, found in soft cheese, unpasteurized products and frozen food.
-because of increased stress and reduced immune system they are more susceptible and risk to baby is serious

29
Q

Why is caffeine bad for pregnancy?

A
  • Crosses placenta
  • Baby has limits to how much it can metabolize
  • limit of 300mg/day ~2 cups
30
Q

Why is alcohol bad for pregnancy?

A

Intoxication diffuses right into the embryo and effects cell development and can also cross the placenta
-irreversible effects

31
Q

What other toxic substances can cross to the baby?

A

Smoking and tobacco: restricts blood supply and O2

Cannabis: lower birthweight, longer term developmental effects

32
Q

When should you return to your pre baby weight?

A

Within the year of having a baby

-shouldnt put a lot of emphasis on the 1st couple weeks

33
Q

Does everyone return to their probably weight?

A

No, with every abby you retain extra kgs

34
Q

Can you lose weight if you breast feed?

A

No, doesn’t automatically mean weightloss

35
Q

Does milk quality change?

A

No, you are pulling from moms nutrient stores which is the only time the baby is like leaching off of you

36
Q

What is the difference between lactation and breastfeeding?

A

Lactation: an automatic physiological process and releases hormones

Breastfeeding: A learned behaviour from both mom and baby

37
Q

What excretes milk?

A

Mammary glands

-hormones promote the growth and branching of the duct system and development of milk producing cells

38
Q

How are hormones released during breastfeeding?

A

Demand for milk

39
Q

What does breastfeeding release?

A

Oxytocin: ejection of milk (let down reflex)

40
Q

How many moms stop breastfeeding within half a year?

A

1/2 of moms

41
Q

How much energy does it take to produce 750ml of milk?

A

+500kcals

  • 1st 6 months +330kcal from food and rest from fat
  • 2nd 6 months +400kclas
42
Q

How much protein and fat should mom get after baby?

A

About the same as prebaby

43
Q

What is mom requirement for carbs and fibre after baby?

A

Intake should increase from pregnancy amount

44
Q

What do nutritional inadequacies do to milk?

A

Affect the quantity of milk, not quality because that never changes

45
Q

Can cannabis, caffiene and smoking transfer into breastmilk?

A

Yes they all can

-willl have stronger effect on the baby cause organs are not fully developed to handle these things yet

46
Q

What does first years growth reflect?

A

Growth directly reflects nutrient intake

47
Q

what is used for growth assessment?

A

Hight and weight and compared to a standard growth curve

48
Q

At 5 months what should the weight be?

A

Doubled

49
Q

At one year what should the weight be?

A

Triples by 1 year

50
Q

what is the energy requirement for an infant?

A

2x that of an adult

-100kcal/kg

51
Q

What is the breakdown of breastmilk?

A

~50% Fat
~44% Carb
~6% Protein

52
Q

Why is breastmilk mostly fat?

A

A lot more energy in fat than carbs, and to reduce stress on their kidneys because they are not fully developed

53
Q

When are allergenic foods introduced to baby?

A

anywhere between 4-11months

54
Q

What is in breastmilk that is not in formula?

A
  • Immunological protection
  • Colostrum
  • Bifidus: Healthy bacteria
  • Lactoferrin: helps absorb Fe
  • Lactadherin: virus protection
55
Q

What is colostrum?

A

Yellow serum is the first milk a baby gets filled with antibodies and immune factors

56
Q

When is it appropriate to introduce cows milk?

A

Around 9 months because cows milk has a lot of protein in it which puts stress on kidneys

57
Q

What is a food allergy?

A

Stimulates and immunological response and involves antibodies
-may or may not have symptoms

58
Q

What are the most common allergenic foods?

A 
Peanuts
Tree Nuts
Milk
Eggs
Wheat
Soybeans
Fish and Shelfish
-can grow out of allergen but peanut usually persist for 4 years
59
Q

What is a food intolerance?

A

No antibodies involved, no immune response, probably stomach ache, nausea, hives

60
Q

Why is self feeding a good thing?

A

Helps stimulate the mouth so its safer and protects against chocking and more likely to speak sooner

61
Q

When you are nutrient deficient what can you child show signs of?

A

Attention and behaviour problems

62
Q

What does colour dye do to kids?

A

May further effect kids who are already prone to hypreactivity

63
Q

What is a balanced school day?

A

When there are 2 lunch periods

64
Q

During adolescence which nutrients are very important and for which sex?

A

Females need way more iron

-menstruation losses

Food and Nutrition 1030 (20 decks)

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