Lecture 16: Nutrition In Childhood And Adolescents Flashcards
(15 cards)
How many children in NZ were overweight/obese?
31.5% (1/3)
Is this prevalence higher in older or younger children and why?
It is higher in older children (10-14) because they have/crave more autonomy, may have their own money/more financial freedom, spend time with friends, may start making their own food, etc.
What are the 8 eating guidelines for children and adolescents?
- Eat a variety of foods from each food group each day.
- Eat enough for activity, growth and to maintain healthy body size.
- Prepare foods or choose pre-prepared foods, snacks and drinks that are low in fat, sugar and salt.
- Drink plenty of water during the day and include low-fat milk every day.
- Alcoholism not recommended for children or young people.
- Eat meals with family as often as possible.
- Encourage children to be involved in shopping, growing and cooking family meals.
- Purchase, prepare, cook and store foods in ways to ensure food safety.
What are 5 facts that summarize the state of children nutrition in NZ?
- protein consumption in excess of requirements
- intakes of vitamins and minerals generally good
- iron status generally good, apart from teenage girls
- iodine status indicative of mild deficiency
- median intake sucrose = 65g per day
What are 4 factors affecting physical growth and development?
- increase in height and weight
- completion of skeletal growth and increase in skeletal mass
- sexual maturation
- changes in body composition
What are 4 nutrients relevant for growth?
- energy: increased activity and growth
- protein: to build, maintain and repair tissue
- calcium: essential for bones and teeth
- iron: essential component of haemoglobin and cognitive development
What are 4 factors influencing nutritional status of adolescents?
- increased requirements for energy and nutrients
- increased financial independence
- increased need for autonomy
- developing cognitive abilities
How do we support young people to eat better?
- eat meals together with family
- encourage children to be involved in shopping, growing and cooking family meals
- correct and positive modeling
What are 4 techniques in early life that can support acceptance of healthy foods later?
1 - repeated exposure
2 - exposure to variety
3 - modeling
4 - ensuring healthy social and structural food environments
What are 6 key points when it comes to parental feeding practices and parenting styles?
1 – Eating variety of foods/flavours
2 – Repeated exposure and different kinds of exposures (different forms)
3 – Using non-food related rewards
4 – Coercing to eat or not eat is counterproductive
5 – Setting limits on energy-dense foods/drinks may protect against poor dietary intake/increased body weight
6 – Nurturing and supportive parenting styles help; avoid strict rules
What are 2 key points when it comes to adult role modeling of healthy eating?
1 – Parental role modelling of fruits/veggies improves intake
2 – Early childhood teacher practices and positive role-modelling may influence eating behaviors
What are 3 key points when it comes to responsive eating?
1 – Parental awareness and recognition of hunger and satiety cues can lead to small improvements/protect against weight gain
2 – watching TV/screens while eating increases food intake
3 – Being mindful/paying attention to food while eating and stopping eating when full help to regulate eating patterns/improve unhealthy weight control behaviors
What are 3 key points when it comes to meal times?
1 – Regular frequency of eating may be related to lower body weight
2 – Eating healthy diet breakfast daily improves diet overall and may protect against weight loss
3 – Eating together as a family may improve diet quality
What are 2 key points when it comes to food literacy?
1 – Involvement in food preparation and cooking improves food literacy
2 – Gardening at school may improve consumption of fruits/veggies
