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Dr. Erb > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2?

A

Cellular Respiration

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2
Q

What provides more energy from glucose than glycolysis

A

Cellular Respiration

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration

A
  1. Acetyl CoA Production
  2. Acetyl CoA Oxidation
  3. Electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation
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4
Q

What does the 1st stage of Cellular Respiration produce?

A

NADH
ATP
FADH2

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5
Q

What is Acetyl Co-A produced from ?

A

Fatty Acids
Glucose -> Pyruvate
Amino Acids

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6
Q

What does the 2nd stage of Cellular Respiration produce?

A

NADH
FADH2
1 GTP

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7
Q

What does the 3rd stage of Cellular Respiration produce?

A

A lot of ATP

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8
Q

In which stage of CR does electro transfer and OP occur?

A

Stage 3

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9
Q

True or False

CAC: Aerobic conditions; Pyruvate from Glycolysis is oxidized to ATP and CO2

A

False; CO2 and H20

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10
Q

Where does Glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

Where does the CAC occur?

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

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12
Q

Where does OP occur?

A

Inner membrane

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13
Q

Succinate DH is located where?

A

Inner Membrane

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14
Q

What are the substrates of CAC? (in order)

A 
Citrate
Cis-aconitate
Iso-Citrate
Alpha Ketoglutarate
Succinyl- CoA
Succinate
Fumarate
Malate
Oxaloacetate
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15
Q

Which enzyme requires 5 coenzymes

A

Pyruvate Dehydeogenase Complex

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16
Q

What are the Pyruvate DH Complex prosthetic groups?

A

Lipollysine

FAD

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17
Q

TPP, NAD and CoA-SH is a co-substrate for which enzyme?

A

Pyruvate DH Complex

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18
Q

What two products are created from the Pyruvate DH Complex?

A

Acetyl-CoA

CO2

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19
Q

Name of E1, E2, E3

A

E1 -> Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
E2 -> Dihydrolipoyl Transacetylase
E3 -> Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase

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20
Q

Which complex is the smallest of the Pyruvate DH Complex?

A

E3 -> 12 dimers

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21
Q

Lipollysine is linked to an enzyme via which amino acid residue?

A

Lysine Residue

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22
Q

CoA accepts and carries _____ groups.

A

Acetyl

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23
Q

The PDC is inhibited by

A

ATP
Acetyl-CoA
NADH

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24
Q

What allosterically activates the PDF

25
How many CO2 are produced with one turn of TCA?
two
26
Acetate + Oxaloacetate =
Citrate
27
Which steps of TCA produce NADH/FADH2?
Isocitrate DH Alpha KG DH Succinate DH Malate DH
28
The enzymes of TCA are located in ____. except ___ which is found in the ____.
Mitochondrial Matrix Succinyl DH Inner Membrane
29
(TCA) Which enzyme catalyzes the only C-C bond formation?
Citrate Synthase
30
Which TCA cycle enzyme uses acid/base catalysis?
Citrate Synthase
31
What is the rate limiting step of the TCA Cycle?
Citrate Synthase
32
Does the [} of oxaloacetate have to stay high or low for the reaction to proceed forward?
low
33
Citrate Synthase must be closed or open to catalyze the reaction and what does it bind to?
Closed; binding of OAA creates binding for acetyl-CoA
34
Aconitase catalyzes the formation of what to what?
Citrate -----> Isocitrate
35
Which TCA enzyme contains a Fe-S center?
Aconitase
36
What is the intermediate in Aconitase?
Cis-Aconitase
37
This enzyme is highly favorable and produces NADH + H+
Isocitrate DH
38
This TCA Enzyme is found in the cytosol/mitochondria?
Isocitrate DH
39
Oxidation of AKG is done by which TCA enzyme?
AKG DH
40
Which TCA enzyme is most closely related to PDH?
AKG DH
41
Which TCA enzyme is phosphorylated on a Histidine residue?
Succinyl CoA Synthetase
42
Succinyl CoA Synthetase contains two subunits.
alpha -> contains phosphorylated His residue and binds CoA beta -> confers specificity for ADP or GDP
43
At what point in the TCA cycle does it turn into a 4 carbon compound? Name the substrate and enzyme?
Succinyl Co A Synthase | Succinate
44
Which TCA enzyme uses flavoproteins and produces FADH2?
Succinate DH
45
What is the only membrane bound enzyme int eh TCA?
Succinate DH
46
What is a strong inhibitor of Succinate DH
Malonate
47
What TCA enzyme the reversible hydration using a carbanion transition state?
Fumarase
48
What oxidizes malate?
Malate DH
49
What two substrates in TCA are intermediates to be used as precursors in biosynthetic pathways of most amino acids?
Alpha KG | OAA
50
What is a precursor of the porphyrin ring of heme groups?
Succinyl -AcO
51
What is a precursor in glucose synthesis?
OAA
52
Pyruvate Carboxylase forms oxaloacetate in which two organs?
Liver | Kidney
53
PEP + CO2 happens in which organ?
Heart, Skeletal Muscle
54
PEP + HCO3 happens in which organs?
yeast bacteria higher plants
55
CAC is under regulation at which levels?
Pyruvate ----> Acetyl CoA (PDH Complex) Entry of Acetyl CoA into complex (Citrate synthase) Isocitrate DH AKG DH
56
TCA is inhibited by? and activated by?
Inhibited by high energy indicators | activated by low energy indicators
57
Phosphatase is activated by which element?
Calcium
58
Kinase is activated by?
NADH | Acetyl-CoA
59
What are the 8 steps of TCA
1. C-C Bond formation between acetate and OAA ---> citrate 2. Isomerization via dehydration/rehydration 3/4.Oxidative decarboxylations to give 2 NADH 5. Substrate-level phosphorylation to give GTP 6. Dehydrogenation to give FADH2 7. Hydration 8. Dehydrogenation to give NADH

Dr. Erb (8 decks)

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