Lecture 19

Question 1

Anchor for membrane proteins
Cofactors for enzymes
signaling molecules
pigments

All of these are characteristics of _______.

Answer 1

Lipids and their biological functions

Question 2

Catabolism of fatty acids is also known as

Answer 2

Beta Oxidation

Question 3

What are the products of Beta Oxidation?

Answer 3

Acetyl CoA

NADH

Question 4

Where does Beta Oxidation occur?

Answer 4

mitochondria

Question 5

Anabolism of Fatty Acids occurs in

Answer 5

Cytosol (Animals)

Chloroplast (Plants)

Question 6

What are the requirements(Substrates) for Anabolism of FA

Answer 6

Acetyl Co-A
Malonyl CoA
NADPH

Question 7

Building FA requires processing/producing one ____ at a time.

Answer 7

Acetate

Question 8

During FA anabolism, acetate is coming from _____ in the form of ____.

Answer 8

Malonate

Malonyl-CoA

Question 9

FA Anabolism: each pass involves reductio of a ___ to a ____.

Answer 9

Carbonyl Carbon

Methylene Carbon

Question 10

What is the building block of FA Synthesis?

Answer 10

Malonyl- CoA

Question 11

What carries CO2 in the Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase?

Answer 11

Biotin

Question 12

Synthesis of FA is catalyzed by ______

Answer 12

Fatty Acid Synthase

Question 13

-Catalyzes a repeating four step sequence that elongates the fatty acyl chain by 2 carbons at each step

Answer 13

Fatty Acid Synthase

Question 14

What is the electron donor for FAS?

Answer 14

NADPH

Question 15

FAS has 7 domains in

Answer 15

Vertebrates and fungi

Question 16

What serves as a shuttle in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 16

Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)

Question 17

What contains a covalently attached prosthetic group 4’’ phosphopanthetheine

Answer 17

ACP

Question 18

Delivers acetate or malonate to the fatty acid synthase

Answer 18

ACP

Question 19

Shuttles the growing chain from one active site to another during the 4 step reaction

Answer 19

ACP

Question 20

What are the 7 domains of FAS

Answer 20

KS
MAT
DH
ER
KR
ACP
TE

Question 21

What are the 4 stages of FA Synthesis

Answer 21

1. Bond Formation
2. Reduction
3. Dehydration
4. Reduction

Question 22

How many acetyl coa’s are carboxylated to make Palmitate 16:0?

Answer 22

7 Acetyl CoA’s

Question 23

Acetyl CoA is made in the

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

Fatty Acids are made in the

Answer 24

Cytosol

Question 25

Acetyl CoA is transported into ____ with a cost of ___-.

Answer 25

Cytosol | 2 ATP's

Question 26

Acetyl-CoA is transported into the ____ for _____.

Answer 26

Cytosol Fatty Acid Synthesis

Question 27

What catalyzes the rate-limiting step of FA Synthesis?

Answer 27

ACC; Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

Question 28

ACC is inhibited by _____.

Answer 28

Palmitoyl -CoA

Question 29

ACC is activated by ____.

Answer 29

Citrate

Question 30

Citrate triggers excess energy to be converted to ____.

Answer 30

fat

Question 31

Epinephrine/Glucagon would have what effect on FAS?

Answer 31

Inhibit it; | If you need your energy, don't turn it into fat... use it as energy.

Question 32

____ is feedback inhibited by Palmitoyl CoA

Answer 32

Acetyl -CoA

Question 33

____ is inhibited when energy is needed.

Answer 33

ACC

Question 34

Glucagon and Epinephrine lead to ____ and ___- of ACC.

Answer 34

Phosphorylation | Inactivation

Question 35

When is ACC activated?

Answer 35

When it is dephosphorylated.

Question 36

Where are the systems located that make Palmitate longer?

Answer 36

Endoplasmic Reticulum | Mitochondria

Question 37

Each step of palmitate synthesis adds how many carbons?

Answer 37

2

Question 38

What is the most common product in the ER?

Answer 38

Stearate 18:0

Question 39

What enzyme is used to desaturate fatty acids?

Answer 39

fatty acyl-CoA desaturase

Question 40

What is the fx. of fatty acyl- CoA desaturase?

Answer 40

Adds double bonds to Palmitate/Stearate

Question 41

What is required for Fatty Acyl CoA Desaturase?

Answer 41

NADPH

Question 42

Linoleate and alpha linoleate are made in?

Answer 42

Plants

Question 43

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids are made in>

Answer 43

Humans

Question 44

What is essential for membrane fluidity?

Answer 44

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 45

Humans have -4,-5,-6, and -9 but cannot desaturate beyond

Answer 45

-9 carbons