Lecture 17 - Coffee and Tea

Question 1

what is the economic part of coffee

Answer 1

the seed

Question 2

what changes the color of coffee bean

Answer 2

temperature

Question 3

origin of coffee

Answer 3

abyssinia (Ethiopia), then brought to Arabia

Question 4

what was the name of the goatherder who discovered coffee

Answer 4

Kaldi

Question 5

largest producer of coffee

Answer 5

Brazil

Question 6

family of coffee

Answer 6

Rubiacea

Question 7

types of coffee

Answer 7

c. arabica
c. canephora (robusta coffee)
c. liberica

Question 8

what type of coffee accounts for 70-80% of world production

Answer 8

c. arabica. 2nd most popular is c. canephora

Question 9

Arabica coffee plant description

Answer 9

tetraploid (self fertile)
15-24 C and 1300mm rain
best quality
susceptible to rust
smaller/less vigourous

Question 10

robusta coffee plant description

Answer 10

diploid (self-incompatible)
24-30C and 1550mm rain
less flavour
resistant to rust
larger/more vigorous

Question 11

which type of coffee is resistant to rust

Answer 11

robusta

Question 12

coffee tree growth habit

Answer 12

orthotropic stem (erect growth)
plagiotropic stems with horizontal secondary stems that are fruiting woods

Question 13

spacing for arabica and robusta coffee trees

Answer 13

arabica - 1350 tree/ha
rubusta - 900-1000 trees/ha

Question 14

time to fruiting in coffee

Answer 14

3-4 years for mature plant
1 year on year old wood

Question 15

methods of propagation for coffee

Answer 15

sexual from seed (especially for arabica)
asexual/stem cutting (for robusta)

Question 16

pruning objective for coffee

Answer 16

maximize # plagiotrophic stems and shape trees to get good light penetration

Question 17

how long does it take to get mature fruit in arabica and robusta coffee

Answer 17

arabica - 7-8 months
robusta - 11-12 months

Question 18

diseases of coffee and control

Answer 18

Coffee rust - resistant varieties (robusta), Cu fungicide
Coffee berry rust

Question 19

pest of coffee and control

Answer 19

coffee berry borer - controlled by berry removal, chemicals, IPM

Question 20

how is coffee harvest done

Answer 20

most done by hand, some machine harvested

Question 21

coffee fruit parts

Answer 21

exocarp (red skin), mesocarp (sweet pulp), endocarp , hull, testa (silvery), and bean (embryo and cotyledons)

Question 22

wet method of coffee processing

Answer 22

separate bad berries and trash by floatation, good berries are depulped
fermented to remove mucus layer
dried by being spread out under sun or artificial heat

Question 23

dry methods of processing coffee

Answer 23

cherries are kept whole. Intial drying on trees, than spread under sun to dry
pericarp is removed (mortar/pestle or machine), chaff removed, and sorted

Question 24

how much moisture does light roast lose in coffee

Answer 24

3-5%

Question 25

how much moisture does dark roast coffee lose

Answer 25

8-14%

Question 26

strength of the brew is related to _____ and ______, not caffeine concentration

Answer 26

flavors and aromas

Question 27

family of tea

Answer 27

Theaceae

Question 28

scientific name of tea

Answer 28

Camellia sinensis

Question 29

physical description of the tea plant

Answer 29

perennial evergreen bush/tree

Question 30

what type of leaves are harvested for tea

Answer 30

the young leaves

Question 31

types of tea

Answer 31

chinese tea and assam tea

Question 32

origin of tea

Answer 32

east and south east asia

Question 33

what are china teas

Answer 33

slow growing dwarf trees that are small. resistant to cold and low yielding

Question 34

what are assam teas

Answer 34

quick growing taller trees that are adapted to tropical condtions

Question 35

structure of tea plants

Answer 35

naturally a evergreen tree, under cultivation is trained as low spreading bush

Question 36

tea is largely ____ pollinated

Answer 36

cross

Question 37

tea propagation

Answer 37

from seeds for breeding clonal through single node leaf cuttings for production

Question 38

does tea need shade for best growth

Answer 38

many perform best without shade, but need shade for high heat areas or low input systems

Question 39

tea training

Answer 39

are headed back to 20cm at plant next year to 40cm final year at 60cm

Question 40

tea pruning

Answer 40

need to be cut back periodically to rejuvenate (prune below branches)

Question 41

disease of tea

Answer 41

blister blight

Question 42

what are the symptoms and control of blister blight of pea

Answer 42

symptoms - translucent spot that forms a blister. grey and white basidiospores liberated from blister control - fungicides, resistant CVS

Question 43

how is tea harvested

Answer 43

by hand

Question 44

types of tea harvest

Answer 44

tips, fine plucking, and course plucking

Question 45

tips tea harvest

Answer 45

bud only. gives best product

Question 46

Fine plucking tea harvest

Answer 46

most common. Bud and 2 leaves picked

Question 47

course plucking tea harvest

Answer 47

bud and 3 leaves

Question 48

types of tea

Answer 48

green tea, oolong tea, black tea

Question 49

green tea

Answer 49

not fermented. only china type tea

Question 50

oolong tea

Answer 50

semi fermented

Question 51

black tea

Answer 51

highest production. Fermented