Lecture 17: Learning and Memory Flashcards
1
Q
Memory
A
- Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved (wikipedia), it is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action
- The store of things learned and retained from an organism’s activity or experience as evidenced by modification of structure or behavior or by recall and recognition (Merriam-Webster)
- Learning and memory often increase fitness
2
Q
PTSD
A
- Disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event
2
Q
Symptoms of PTSD
A
- Flashbacks, bad dreams, frightening thoughts
- Avoidance from reminders of trauma
- Being easily startled, feeling tense, having difficulty sleeping
- Negative thought about oneself or the world, distorted feelings, like guilt or blame, loss of interesting enjoyable activities
- Shows memory is not always beneficial
2
Q
Long-Term Memory
A
Lasting storage of information
3
Q
Short-Term Memory
A
- Capacity for storage of small amounts of information in an accessible states for short periods of time (seconds)
4
Q
Declarative Memory
A
Long-term memories that we can consciously recall (explicit)
4
Q
Non-Declarative Memory
A
A long-term memory that is expressed through action rather than recollection (implicit)
4
Q
Immediate Free Recall Task
A
- Participants presented with a sequence of items
- After presentation of the final item, asked to report all items in any order
- Interpretation is that the final items are still in short term memory due to the recency effect
4
Q
Distractor Task
A
- Similar to the immediate free recall task, but the participants perform a distraction task immediately after
- Eliminates the recency effect
- Interpretation is that by the end of the distraction task the recent items have been deleted from short term memory
4
Q
Delayed Match to Sample (DMS) Task
A
- Presented with an image, a delay without the image, then the match, location mismatch, or object mismatch is shown and the animal has to choose the right one
4
Q
Encoding
A
Senses are encoded in the brain
5
Q
Extinction
A
Forgetting something that was stored
5
Q
Storage
A
Sensory experiences are consolidated into long-term storage
5
Q
Reconsolidation
A
Memories changing due to repeated retrieval
6
Q
Retrieval
A
Getting memories out of storage
