lecture 17 - surviving extreme temps

Question 1

torpor

Answer 1

physiological state of decreased actviity + metabolism

Question 2

torpor enables animals to

Answer 2

save enegry while avoiding difficult and dangerosu conditions

Question 3

hibernation

Answer 3

long term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold + foo scarcity (in endotherms)

Question 4

how much lower can metabolic rates be during hibernation than if the animal attempted to maintain normal body temp

Answer 4

20x lower

Question 5

the molecuar components of the biological clock stops what during hibernation

Answer 5

stops osciliating

Question 6

brumation

Answer 6

long term torpor exhbited by ecotherms

Question 7

what shows start of hibernation

Answer 7

drop in temp

Question 8

metabolic rates can drop __% when animals are in torpor

Answer 8

90

Question 9

during arousal state of torpor waht is activated/used

Answer 9

BAT
-uncoupling proteins to warm blood and warm animal

Question 10

what do animals do when they are awake from torpor

Answer 10

when they are awake they eat, pee, poop and sometimes drink
-foods will be digested
-ready to return to torpor

Question 11

is bear hibernation same as small animals

Answer 11

no

Question 12

do we really know what type of hibernation bears have?

Answer 12

no, debate of if it is torpor or if they are super hibernators

Question 13

why do bears have much less heat loss

Answer 13

becaus ethey have a smaller surface area to body mass ratio

Question 14

bears hiberation is

Answer 14

long sleep period w/ lowered metabolic rate and lower body temp

Question 15

how much will bears body temp drop by

Answer 15

4-7C

Question 16

do bears sleep as deep as small animals

Answer 16

no, they can wuickly be aroused
-females wake to give birth and check on cubs

Question 17

do bears eat, drink, pee, poop during their hibernation period

Answer 17

no
-recycles waste moleqs for productive use by the body

Question 18

bears hibernation cycle is

Answer 18

active, hyperphagia (eat a lot), then hibernation (insulin reisstant)

Question 19

daily torpor

Answer 19

some endotherms exhbit daily torpor, they are small with high BMRs

Question 20

daily torpor is often adapted to

Answer 20

feeding schedule

Question 21

hummingbirds exhbit _____

Answer 21

nightly torpor

Question 22

estivation can go on for how long

Answer 22

days or weeks

Question 23

estivation is

Answer 23

summer torpor

Question 24

what is the problem estivation is trying to help with

Answer 24

dehydration

Question 25

estivation enables animals to

Answer 25

survive long oeriods of high temo wth scarce water

Question 26

how do animals perform estivation

Answer 26

find cool burrow underground (anything that is well insulated)

Question 27

in estivation there is less

Answer 27

evaporative cooling

Question 28

what is relaxed during estivation

Answer 28

relax control of body temp

Question 29

do animals breathe more or less during estivation

Answer 29

less, so less respiratory water loss (H2O lost breathing out)

Question 30

is mechanism in supression of metabolic rate during torpor known

Answer 30

no

Question 31

fucntion of metabolic rate supressed during torpor

Answer 31

drop in MR is not a fucntion of lowered body temo since drop in MR precedes drop in body temp

Question 32

current research of metabolic rate supression during torpor is focused on

Answer 32

mtochondria