Lecture 18-19: Feeding Swine

Question 1

how much is the swine feeding program typically cost?

Answer 1

feed cost 50-75%

Question 2

GOAL for feeding program

Answer 2

supply nutrients needed at the right time in the life stage at a feasible cost

Question 3

life cycle of swine nutrition (feeding program)

Answer 3

1. breeding
2. farrowing
3. nursery
4. growing out

Question 4

gestation feeding affects

Answer 4

• sow condition at farrowing
• feed intake during lactation
• piglet birth weight
• cost of feeding the breeding herd
• well-being of the sow

Question 5

lactation feeding affects

Answer 5

• sow condition at weaning
• litter weaning weights
• cost of feeding the breeding herd
• well-being of the sow

Question 6

nursery feeding affects

Answer 6

• nursery performance
• grow-out performance
• carcass composition
• piglet health and viability

Question 7

grow-out feeding affects

Answer 7

• grow-out performance
• carcass composition
• pork quality
• replacement gilt performance

Question 8

extra fine grinding

Answer 8

• faster rate of passage
• increased ulcers (RISKED)
• wind loss, bridgingg

Question 9

fine grinding

Answer 9

• improves ingredient mixing
• improves utilization

Question 10

suggestions for grinding swine feed

Answer 10

young pigs - fine ground
grower-finisher pigs - medium ground
breeding herd- course medium ground

Question 11

strategy for feeding boars

Answer 11

• boar reaching 180 - 200 lbs; reduce energy level
  increase fiber content
• non-breeding mature boar
  reduce to maintenance ration

Question 12

strategy for feeding sows

Answer 12

gestation- moderate
lactation- heavy
weaning to breeding- heavy

Question 13

flushing

Answer 13

• increase energy intake10-14 days before breeding
• reduce 4 - 6lbs immediately after breeding

advantages:
- more eggs ovulated
- improved health
- more certain conception

Question 14

gestation- restrict energy intake

Answer 14

• high chance of embryonic survival
• farrowing difficulties may be reduced
• fewer pigs may be crushed by sows
• feed costs may be reduced
• less weight loss during lactation
• limited feeding may increase the sow’s productive life

Question 15

methods for feeding a breeding herd

Answer 15

• restrict daily feed intake
• self-feed low energy ration*
• interval feeding
• silage
• pasture

Question 16

methods of limiting feeds to sows

Answer 16

• hand feeding
• self-feed

Question 17

feeding gestation sows

Answer 17

• 4-5lb of corn/soybean meal
• overfeeding = reduce lactation
• underfeeding = impairs reproductive performance

Question 18

feeding lactating sows

Answer 18

• small amount of feed on day of farrowing
• day 1-2: limit feed modestly
• day 3+: always keep fresh feed in front of the sow

Question 19

nursing sows can be susceptible to _______. how can it be treated?

Answer 19

constipation

treatment:
- fiber (alfalfa, soybean hulls, wheat midds)
- chemical laxatives (salts)

Question 20

feeding nursery pigs

Answer 20

• diet must be nutrient dense (HIGH levels: AA, energy, vitamins, minerals)
  FEED INTAKE RELATIVELY LOW
• match diet to the composition of digestible capabilities
• use highly digestible and multiple-ingredients
• transitioned diets

Question 21

maximizing feed intake in weaned pigs

Answer 21

• Newly weaned pigs are in the energy-dependent phase of growth
• proper feeding adjustment
• ingredients to enhance diet palatability

Question 22

feeding growing-finishing pigs. what are the issues?

Answer 22

• carcass quality issues
• maximizing feed intake
• maximizing growth rate to maximize barn throughout
• variation in weights and marketing ages

Question 23

approaches to feed growout pigs

Answer 23

• select the number of diets for the feeding program
  split the sex or no
  wean-to-finish or feeder-to-finish
• define feed budget, given the # of diets to be included
• for each diet
  select nutrient compositions

Question 24

maximizing feed intake

Answer 24

• Barn temp control
• feeder adjustment
• adequate supply of water/ feeder access
• avoid over-crowding pigs
• manage health
• manage diet quality and feed budgets