Lecture 8-10: roughages Flashcards
carbonaceous roughages
Straw
Stalk
Weathered grass
proteinaceous roughages
Legume forages / hays
Non-legume forages (grasses) / hays
legume/grass mixtures
animal performance is greater on ____ than ____.
LEGUMES
grasses
grasses carrying the majority of their protein in the____. while legumes have more _____ than grasses.
leaves
calcium
To maximize the use of low-grade roughages, they must be supplemented with:
Adequate protein
Ready available carbohydrate
Additional minerals (macro- , micro-)
Vitamin A
3 factors for high quality forages
- Stimulate high feed intake
- highly digestible
- Must be utilized very efficiently
factors influencing forage quality
environmental
plant response
plant composition
value of animal
study parts of the grass plant image
study parts of the grass plant image
animal unit
of animals assumed to consume about 12-16 lb TDN daily
example:
mature beef or dairy animal = 1 unit
1-2 yearling
3-4 weaned calves
1 mature horse
4-5 ewes w/lamb at side
12-14 weaned lamb
4-6 gestating sows
20 growing pigs
carrying capacity
Maximum # of animals that graze a pasture throughout the grazing season without harming it
stocking rate
Animal # in relation to the carrying capacity of pasture area
stocking density
Animal # or animal live weight on specific area of the pasture for a specific period of time
essential qualities for pasture grazing
Enduring, productive
Nutritious, palatable
Mixture of grasses, legumes
Effect of stage of maturity on nutritional content of pasture:
Increasing maturity =
Increase fiber content
Reduces protein, TDN/NE, mineral and carotene content
Low value pasture =
deficiency in Ca, P, minerals in soil
