Lecture 18

Question 1

State the 4 branches of the common carotid artery.

Answer 1

Vertebral artery

Internal thoracic artery

Costocervical trunk

Thyrocervical trunk

Question 2

What is the name of the dilated portion of the common carotid? what does it function as?

Answer 2

Carotid Sinus = dilated portion of the common carotid

Functions as a baroreceptor

Question 3

What does the Carotid body function as?

Answer 3

A chemoreceptor

Question 4

Which cervical artery has no branches in the neck?

Answer 4

The Internal Carotid

Question 5

Which set of vertebrae are the only ones with branchial motor outflow?

Answer 5

Cervical vertebrae

Question 6

State the 3 similarities between the neck and trunk vertebrae

Answer 6

Both have vertebrae

Both have mixed spinal nerves,

Both have separate epaxial and hypaxial muscle masses

Question 7

What are smooth muscles of the trunk gut derived from?

Answer 7

Unsegmented mesoderm

Question 8

What surrounds the gut tube in the neck? Where are these structures derived from?

Answer 8

In the neck, the gut tube (aka esophagus) is surrounded by striated branchial arch muscles

These are derived from the posterior pharyngeal arch branches (these are the muscles of the pharynx and larynx)

Question 9

Vertebral section lacks a coelom?

Answer 9

the neck (cervical)

Question 10

List the 3 boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 10

Superior: Mandible

Posterior: Sternocleidomastoid

Anterior: Midline of the neck

Question 11

List the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 11

(“Did Some Mayan Guy Steal Some Tiny Otters?”)

Digastric M.
Stylohyoid M. 
Mylohyoid M.
Geniohyoid M.
Sternohyoid M. 
Sternothyroid M.
Thyrohyoid M. 
Omohyoid M.

Question 12

State the 4 infrahyoid muscles (aka rectus cervicis series) and delineate which of these are “deep” and which are “superficial”

Answer 12

Deep ones: Sternothyroid and Thyrohyoid (ones attached to the thyroid are deep)

Superficial ones: Sternohyoid and Omohyoid (ones attached to the hyoid are superficial)

Question 13

State the origin/insertion of the 3 scalene muscles

Answer 13

Anterior Scalene insertion/origin: Transverse processes of C3-C6 to the 1st rib

Middle Scalene insertion/origin: Transverse process of C5-C7 to the 1st rib

Posterior Scalene insertion/origin: Transverse process of C5-C7 to the 2nd rib

Question 14

For the Digastric muscle, describe it’s innervation

Answer 14

Anterior Belly: Innervated by the Mylohyoid Nerve (branch off of CN V3 aka mandibular branch of trigeminal)

Posterior Belly: Mylohyoid Nerve (CN VII aka facial nerve)

Question 15

State the innervation for the following muscles

Stylohyoid:

Mylohyoid:

Geniohyoid:

Sternohyoid:

Sternothyroid:

Thyrohyoid:

Omohyoid:

Answer 15

Stylohyoid: Mylohyoid Nerve (CN VII aka facial)

Mylohyoid: Mylohyoid nerve (CN V3 aka mandible branch of trigeminal)

Geniohyoid: C1 via hypoglossal nerve

Sternohyoid: Ansa cervicalis

Sternothyroid: Ansa cervicalis

Thyrohyoid: C1 via hypoglossal nerve

Omohyoid: Ansa cervicalis

Question 16

State the 3 main branches of the External Carotid the enter the neck

Answer 16

Superior thyroid (lowest branch and most anterior)

Ascending pharyngeal (medial)

Occipital (posterior)

Question 17

Which branch of the external carotid is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve at its origin?

Answer 17

Lingual branch (anterior branch)

Question 18

The motor branch for which muscles supplies the muscle via the C1 via the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?

Answer 18

The nerve to the geniohyoid

Question 19

State the 3 ganglion that make up the sympathetic trunk and identify which of these give off the postganglionic sympathetic fibers that supply all of the smooth muscles/glands of the head?

Answer 19

1. Superior cervical ganglion
2. Middle cervical ganglion
3. Stellate ganglion (fused inferior cervical ganglion and T1 ganglion)

The Superior cervical ganglion gives off the postganglionic sympathetic fibers that supply all of the smooth muscles/glands of the head

Question 20

Which ganglion of the sympathetic trunk lies at the level of C1 and C2? Which ganglion lies on the longus capitis muscle?

Answer 20

The superior cervical ganglion matches both of these descriptions

Question 21

Where does the sympathetic trunk lie in relation to the common carotid, internal carotid, and carotid sheath?

Answer 21

The sympathetic trunk lies posterior to the common and internal carotids

The sympathetic trunk lies deep to the carotid sheath

Question 22

The Sympathetic trunk sends ____ rami communicantes to all _____ ventral rami

Answer 22

gray

cervical

Question 23

The Common Carotid travels within the Carotid _____, alongside which 3 other structures?

Answer 23

Sheath

1. Carotid Artery
2. Internal Jugular Vein
3. Vagus Nerve (part of the vagus nerve)