Lecture 19 - Cognitive Disorders (Depression) Flashcards
(54 cards)
characterized by one or more major depressive episodes
major depressive disorder (MDD) (according to the DSM-IV)
what makes bipolar disorder different from major depressive disorder?
manic episodes are observed in bipolar disorder (according to the DSM-IV)
with the transition to the DSM-V, diagnosis of depression now involves:
an added specifier “with mixed features”
a distinct period of abnormal persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least one week (or any duration if hospitlaization is necessary)
mania
what are the symptoms of mania?
- inflated self esteem or grandiosity
- decreased need for sleep
- very talkative
- flight of ideas or racing thougths
- distractability
- increase in goal-directed activity
- excessive involvement in pleasurable maladaptive activities
how many symptoms of mania are normally present during a manic episode?
three or more
what are the three diagnostic criteria for depression?
- prescence of one or more episodes
- not accounted for by another specific disorder
- there have never been any episodes of manic or mixed mood states before
a depressive episode is over if no occurence of depressed mood is present for:
two months
what is the lifetime risk of depression for men and women?
- 10-25% for women
- 5-12% for men
what is the point prevelance of depression for men and women?
- 5-9% for women
- 2-3% for men
does depression have a genetic component?
there is evidence from family and twin studies, but no clear genetic markers yet
true or false: depression may follow a maternal heritability pattern
true
having a first degree relative with depression increases your risk of developing depression by:
1.5-3x
what is the average age of onset for depression?
the mid-20s
the highest rates of depression occur in the _____ age range
25-44
what is the major treatment for depression?
psychotherapy, drug therapy, and light therapy (particularly for SAD)
what are some new and emerging treatments for depression?
psychedelics and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
according to the biogenic amine hypothesis, depression is caused by an:
amine neurotransmitter deficit (partilarly 5-HT and noradrenaline)
for major depressive episodes a range of drugs is effective. in general these compounds act to:
increase noradrenaline (NA) and/or 5-HT
typically, antidepressant drugs block _____ or decrease _____ of noradrenaline and/or 5-HT
reuptake, enzymatic degredation
true or false: it takes several weeks to see a clinical effect of antidepressants
true
do you remember the placebo effect?
bitch that horse is a bloody pulp by now
in patients who respond to drug and are switched to placebo, ____ will retain their gains while ____ will become depressed again within the year
50%, 50%
go review slide 590
I name you my Uruk-Hai, to whom do you serve?
