Lecture 21 - Cognitive Disorders (Addiction) Flashcards
(43 cards)
what are the three C’s of that define the phenomenon known as addiction?
craving, compulsion, and negative consequences
individuals with addictions suffer from _____ for their addicted substance or behaviour, to the extent that it interferes with their normal activities and commitments
craving
addicted individuals develop a _____ and loss of control over regulating their use of the substance or behaviour despite repeated attempts to curb an addiction which clearly has negative consequences
compulsion
______ includes compromising one’s work or employment, the pursuit of education and career goals, damage to family relationships, financial problems, injury to one’s integrity and reputation, financial troubles, and crime/legal entanglement
negative consequences
according to the DSM-5, substance use disorder is a problematic pattern of use leading to:
clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two major criteria within a twelve month period
what are the eleven major criteria used to diagnose substance use disorder?
- recurrent substance use in physically hazardous situations
- recurrent use resulting in failure to meet obligations at work, school, or home
- excess of time spent to obtain or use or recover from the effects of the substance
- substance often taken in larger amounts or over longer periods of time than intended
- persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut use
- craving
- continued use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems
- tolerance
- losing important social, occupational, or recreational activities
- withdrawal
a need for markedly increased amount of a drug to achieve intoxication/desired effect
tolerance
what is the most commonly used addictive substance?
alcohol
what are factors used to evaluate the harm drugs cause to users?
physical, psychological, and social
what are factors used to evaluate the harm drugs cause to other non-users?
physical, psychological, and social (but in a different way than with users)
substance use disorders are a significant public health problem with possible devastating consequences for:
affected individuals, their familes, and society
it is estimated that over ____ of North Americans suffer from a substance use disorder (SUD) at some point in their lifetime
18%
at least ____ of medical patients and ____ of psychiatric patients have a concomitant SUD
20%, 30%
see slide 654
cool diagram (dunno if its important though)
what is the most effective treatment option for SUD?
harm reduction (supervised consumption sites, drug substitution, and decriminalization)
the crisis arising from increased rates of opioid misuse has been sttributed to:
overprescribing of opioid pain medications (means that when dependent patients are refused a medical prescription they have to turn to street drugs)
SUD is often comorbid with a primary psychitric disorder and may have its origins in:
self medication
the most effective way to curtail addiction at an early stage
strategic brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT)
many drugs of abuse act directly or indirectly at:
brain neurotransmitter sites
brain systems underlying addiction of all kinds are known to be those involved with control of:
motivation, establishment of learned habits, and reward
addiction is proposed as a process in the brain with _____ and _____ features; related to approach of _____ experiences and to avoid _____
rewarding, aversive, rewarding, withdrawal (unpleasant effects)
see slide 658
you MUST know that slide
caffeine influences glutamate by:
modulating its release and activity
what is the mechanism of action of caffeine?
blocks adenosine receptors (particularly A1)
