Lecture 19 - Knee

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 1

modified hinge joint

Question 2

What type of joint is between the patella and patellar surface of the femur?

Answer 2

gliding joint

Question 3

Both articular facet surfaces of the tibia have corresponding what?

Answer 3

corresponding menisci - lateral and medial

Question 4

movements of knee

Answer 4

• flexion
• extension
• medial rotation (25 degrees with flexion)
• lateral rotation (25 degrees of extension)

Question 5

largest sesamoid bone in the body

Answer 5

patella

Question 6

what does the vertical ridge divide the articular surface of the patella into

Answer 6

• large lateral articular surface

- smaller medial articular surface

Question 7

shape of patella

Answer 7

triangular (apex lies inferiorly)

Question 8

What is the patella an attachment for? What does it do?

Answer 8

• quadriceps muscle

- thought to increase the pull of the quadriceps

Question 9

innervations of knee joint

Answer 9

nerves that cross the joint:

• femoral
• obturator
• sciatic

Question 10

Is the fibrous capsule of the knee thick or thin?

Answer 10

quite thick

Question 11

Where is the fibrous capsule of the knee deficient?

Answer 11

deficient anteriorly and is replaced by the fused tendons of the quadriceps musculature and its expansion

Question 12

consists of deep fibers of the vastus intermedius that attach to the capsule to pull the capsule out of the joint upon extension to prevent injury

Answer 12

articularis genu

Question 13

innervation of articularis genu

Answer 13

femoral nerve

Question 14

very extensive and lines the fibrous capsule

Answer 14

synovial membrane

Question 15

what does NOT cover the articular surfaces

Answer 15

synovial membrane

Question 16

about how many bursae are around the knee

Answer 16

16 or so

Question 17

examples of bursae

Answer 17

• prepatellar
• superficial infrapatellar (cutaneous)
• suprapatellar
• deep infrapatellar (between tibia and ligamenum patella)

Question 18

from inferior border of patella to tibial tuberosity; is the continuation of quadriceps tendon

Answer 18

ligamentum patellae

Question 19

extracapsular ligaments (5)

Answer 19

• ligamentum patellae
• medial/tibial collateral
• lateral/fibular collateral
• oblique popliteal
• arcuate popliteal

Question 20

broad, flat band attached on medial epicondyle (below adductor tubercle) that runs downward and forward to medial condyle; attaches to meniscus

Answer 20

medial/tibial collateral ligament

Question 21

what crosses the medial/tibial collateral ligament

Answer 21

• sartorius
• gracilis
• semitendinosus

Question 22

round cord from the lateral epicondyle of femur (above groove of popliteus) and runs downward and forward to head of fibula

Answer 22

lateral/fibular collateral ligament

Question 23

what is primarily covered by the tendon of biceps femoris

Answer 23

lateral/fibular collateral ligament

Question 24

extension of semimembranosus that attaches above the lateral condyle of the femur

Answer 24

oblique popliteal ligament

Question 25

what forms the floor of the popliteal fossa and is in contact with popliteal artery

Answer 25

oblique popliteal ligament

Question 26

Y-shaped ligament that runs from the posterior border of the intercondylar area of the tibia and the lateral epicondyle of femur to the area below the head of fibula

Answer 26

arcuate popliteal ligament

Question 27

Why are the cruciate ligaments called cruciate?

Answer 27

Because they cross each other

Question 28

ligament at anterior intercondylar area of tibia that runs superiorly, posteriorly and laterally to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

Answer 28

anterior cruciate ligament

Question 29

ligament at posterior intercondylar area of tibia that runs superiorly, anteriorly and medially to the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur

Answer 29

posterior cruciate ligament

Question 30

what ligaments are taut in both flexion and extension

Answer 30

cruciate ligaments

Question 31

when are the cruciate ligaments most relaxed

Answer 31

30 degrees of flexion

Question 32

what ligaments are taught in extension and relaxed in flexion

Answer 32

collateral ligaments

Question 33

what motions do the cruciate ligaments prevent

Answer 33

anterior and posterior displacement of the tibia

Question 34

what motions do the collateral ligaments prevent

Answer 34

abduction and adduction of the knee

Question 35

shape of medial meniscus

Answer 35

oval, crescent shape

Question 36

shape of lateral meniscus

Answer 36

more round and nearly a complete ring

Question 37

what does the medial meniscus attach to at the tibia anteriorly

Answer 37

transverse genicular ligament

Question 38

what does the medial meniscus attach to posteriomedially

Answer 38

fibrous capsule and deep surface of the medial collateral ligament

Question 39

what does the lateral meniscus attached to at the tibia anteriorly

Answer 39

transverse genicular ligament

Question 40

what does the lateral meniscus attach to posteriomedially

Answer 40

tendon of popliteus