Lecture 21 - Ankle

Question 1

what type of joint is the ankle

Answer 1

uniaxial synovial joint

Question 2

what motions occur at the ankle joint

Answer 2

• dorsiflexion (extension)

- plantarflexion

Question 3

what bones comprise the ankle joint

Answer 3

• talus
• lower end of tibia with medial malleolus
• lower end of fibula with lateral malleolus

Question 4

all of the articular surfaces in the ankle covered with what

Answer 4

articular/hyaline cartilage

Question 5

surrounds the joint and attaches proximally to the articular surface of the tibia and both malleoli and distally to articular surface of the talus

Answer 5

fibrous capsule

Question 6

what lines the fibrous capsule

Answer 6

synovial membrane

Question 7

what motions occur between the talus and calcaneus

Answer 7

• inversion

- eversion

Question 8

ligament on medial aspect of ankle

Answer 8

deltoid ligament/medial collateral ligament

Question 9

components of deltoid ligament

Answer 9

• tibiocalcaneal
• tibionavicular
• posterior tibiotalar
• anterior tibiotalar

Question 10

very strong ligament attached proximally to the medial malleolus

Answer 10

deltoid ligament

Question 11

component that runs down to the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus

Answer 11

tibiocalcaneal component

Question 12

component that runs down to the tuberosity of the navicular base

Answer 12

tibionavicular component

Question 13

component that runs down to medial side of the talus and the medial tubercle (of posterior process)

Answer 13

posterior tibiotalar component

Question 14

component that runs down to the anterior medial surface of the talus

Answer 14

anterior tibiotalar component

aka deep fibers

Question 15

ligaments on lateral aspect of ankle

Answer 15

lateral collateral ligament:

• anterior talofibular
• posterior talofibular
• calcaneofibular

Question 16

ligament that runs from the lateral malleolus to the area anterior to the lateral articular facet and lateral part of the neck of the talus

Answer 16

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 17

which ligament is most frequently sprained in ankle injuries

Answer 17

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 18

ligament that runs posteriorly from the lateral malleolar fossa to the lateral tubercle (posterior process) of the talus

Answer 18

posterior talofibular ligament

Question 19

ligament that runs from the lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneus

Answer 19

calcaneofibular ligament

Question 20

fascia of the leg presents thickenings around the ankle

Answer 20

retinacula

Question 21

what’s function is to primarily keep the long tendons in position adjacent to the joints that they cross

Answer 21

retinacula

Question 22

parts of retinacula

Answer 22

• anteriorly: the superior and inferior extensor retinacula (crural cruciate ligament)
• posteriomedially: the flexor retinaculum
• laterally: the superior and inferior peroneal retinacula

Question 23

what muscles pass beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

Answer 23

• tibialis anterior muscle
• anterior tibial artery
• deep peroneal nerve
• extensor hallucis longus bellies and tendon
• extensor digitorum longus bellies and tendon
• peroneus tertius muscle

Question 24

what passes beneath the flexor retinaculum

Answer 24

a thick band of deep fascia

Question 25

where does the thick band of deep fascia passing beneath the flexor retinaculum attach

Answer 25

to the medial malleolus medially and inferolaterally to the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Question 26

structures that pass beneath the flexor retinaculum

Answer 26

``` superficial to deep: Tom Dick And Now Harry - tibialis posterior tendon - flexor digitorum longus tendon - posterior tibial artery - tibial nerve - flexor hallicus longus tendon ```

Question 27

what passes beneath the superior and inferior perineal retinaculum

Answer 27

on the lateral side of the ankle are the peroneus longus and brevis