Flashcards in Lecture 19: Motor Control Deck (20):
1
Human movements are produced by _____.
force generating structures with features an engineer would fing suboptimal
2
Muscles are relatively _____.
slow.
3
Muscles and their interaction with the nervous system are _________.
non-linear.
4
FCA
Force Control Approach
5
FCA: Most everyday tasks require us to move ____.
an limb or the whole body to particular point in space.
6
FCA: Requires rotation at _________.
one or several joints
7
FCA: Requires force production using _______.
the muscular system
8
FCA: The CNS produces _____ changes in muscle force by sending signals to the muscle.
active
9
FCA: force depends on neural signals sent to the muscles and external loading conditions, which change with _____.
the motion
10
FCA: CNS must try and predict changes that will occur to __________ and _______ during the movement.
muscle length and force
11
FCA: the CNS has to compute the signals sent to the neurons in the spinal cord and consider the activation of these motoneurons through _______________
reflex pathways.
12
Generalized Motor Program developed by _______.
Schmidt in the 1970s.
13
Generalized Motor Program is very similar to ______.
force-control approach
14
GMP: Brain stores "movement formulas" expressed as ____________ with particular actions.
mechanical patterns
15
GMP: Support from experiments that demonstrate ______ timing patterns when movements sped up or slowed down
invariant
16
IM
Internal Models
17
IM: CNS computes _____ signals that produce adequate force patterns.
control signals
18
IM: Brain has to take 2 factors into account.
1. All the steps involved in transforming neural signals into mechanical variables
2. Time delays in information transmission from the brain to muscle and from peripheral receptors to the brain
19
IM: Inverse models compute _____________ based on desired mechanical effect
descending neural commands
-Computations are made from sensory signals that deliver some outdated information
-Computed signals from the brain reach muscles after substantial time delay.
20