Lecture 2 Flashcards by Jesse Sachs

Name the two cavities of the body

Dorsal (CNS)
Ventral (Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic)

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Thoracic cavity has which two parts

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Ventral body cavities have what three parts

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Review these quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

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Name the two successive lines of defense in the body

Innate (nonspecific): Skin, antimicrobial cells and protiens, etc.
Adaptiove (specific): immune system

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Fun facts about skin

15% of body weight
20 ft^2

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Name three skin layers

1-Epidermis
2-Dermis
3-Hypodermis

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What kind of cell produces Keratin?

Epidermis

keratinocytes

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what kind of cells produce melanin?

Epidermis

melanocytes

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Name the epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

Epidermis

Langerhan’s cells

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Name the cells that fxn as touch receptors

Merkel cells

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Deepest layer of epidermis, has keratinocytes

Stratum basale

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Second-deepest layer of epidermis

Stratum spinosum, made of keratinocytes unified (linked) by desmosomes

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Second-shallowest layer of epidermis

Stratum granulosum, releasing LAMELLATED GRANULES (fats)

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Most superficial layer of skin

Stratum corneum, dead keratin-holding cells surrounded by GlycoLipids, enzymes, and hella other shit

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Name the bonus layer of skin in palms and other thick skin regions

Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
Dead keratinocytes

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Middle major skin region containing strong, felxible connective tissue

Dermis

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Two layers of Dermis (which is connecive tissue)

Papillary
Reticular

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Which three microogranisms can breach unbroken skin?

HPV
Syphilis
Larvae of some parasites

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Fxn of papillary later of DERMIS

Friction ridges, MEISSNER’S corpuscles (capillaries) and nerve endings

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What percent of thickness of skin is the RETICULAR LAYER

80%. Includes collagen and elastin that give strength, resiliency, stretch and recoil to skin

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What is the HYPODERMIS, what does it do?

Adipose and areolar connective tissue attaches skin to underlying structures

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Name the three skin pigments and their colors

Melanin (yellow to reddish-brown to black in skin, moles, freckles)
Carotene (yellow to orange, palms and soles)
Hemoglobin (reddish, gives skin pinkish hue)

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What is cerumen?

ear wax

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# Location and function of Eccrine Sweat Glands?

Palms, soles of feet, cool the body

# Location and function of Apocrine Sweat Glands?

axillary and genital areas, cool the body

# Location and function of Ceruminous Glands?

Modified apocrine glands in external ear canal, secrete ear wax

# Location and function of Mammary Glands?

Specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

Location and function of sebaceous glands

all over the body, secrete cebum, to keep the body supple and oiled up

What is hair?

filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells. Hard keratin. Medulla, cortex and cuticle.

Pale, fine body hair found in kids and adult females

Vellus

Course, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary and pubic regions

terminal

Hair thinning in both sexes

Alopecia

Genetically determined and sex-influenced condition of balding

True, or frank, baldness

Caused by follicular response to DiHydroTestosterone

Male pattern balndness

Percent of body's blood volume in the skin

Vitamin synthesized by the skin

Tumor suppressor gene | Disabling this increases risk of non-melanoma skin cancers

p53 gene

Three major types of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma

Review these facts

Review these risk factors for skin cancer

Least malignant and most common skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma | can be surgically cured 99%

Surgery for removing basal cell carcinoma

Mohs surgery

Most dangerous type of skin cancer

Melanoma | highly metastatic and resistant to chemo

Only kind of major cancer whre incidence is still rising

Melanoma

# Melanoma ABCD rules A

Asymmetry

# Melanoma ABCD rules B

Border is irregular and exhibits indentations

# Melanoma ABCD rules C

Color (pigmented area) is black, brown, tan and sometimes red or blue, often undeven and multiple shades

# Melanoma ABCD rules D

Diameter is larger than 6mm

# Melanoma ABCD rules E

Elevation, enlaarging, evolving | This one is not adopted by all dermatologists

Treatment of melanoma

wide surgical excision and immunotherapy

A sharply circumscribed area showing alterations of color, not appreciably elevated or depressed

Macule

A well-defined elevated lesion of the skin up to 5 mm in diameter

Papule

Solid lesion of the skin or subcutaneous tissue over 5 mm in diameter

Nodule

A large nodule - when a nodule is more than 2 or 3 cm in diameter, it is usually called a tumor

Tumor

A sharply demarcated, elevated, fluid-containing lesion of the skin, usually less than 6 mm in diameter

Vesicle (blister)

A large vesicle

Bulla

A small, usually less than 5 mm, fluid-filled lesion of the skin that contains pus

Pustule

An evanescent, elevated, red lesion of the skin

Wheal (hive, urticaria, or welt)

A less than 5 mm diameter macule resulting from a deposition of blood into the skin the term purpura is at times used for lesions of this type that are somewhat larger, which may also be palpable

Petechiae

A larger area of discolored skin resulting from bleeding into the skin

Ecchymosis

Visibly dilated, superficial, cutaneous blood vessels

Telangiectasis

(white or blackhead): a white, gray, or black non-inflammatory plug in the follicle

Comedo

A tunnel, tract, or passage in the skin made by such parasites as the mite of scabies and the larvae of larva migrans

Burrow

A non-inflammatory collection of fluid or semisolid material surrounded by a well-defined wall

Cyst

This represents dry exfoliation

Scale

A collection of epidermal debris, serum, pus, etc., dried together to form a hard mass and overlying an area of epithelial injury

crust (scab)

A crack in the skin

Fissue

A superficial loss of epithelium that heals without a scar formation

Erosion

The loss of the entire epithelium that may heal with scar formation

Ulcer

A disappearance, or "wasting," of tissues or parts of tissues

Atrophy

A linear area of injury resulting from scratching

Excoriation (scratch mark)

A fibrotic residual of a previous inflammatory process

Scar

A burn that only damages epidermis

1st degree

A burn that damages epidermis and upper regions of dermis

2nd degree

Entire thickness of skin in damaged by burn

3rd degree