Lecture 2

Question 1

What do fungi differ in from other eukaryotes

Answer 1

• nutritional mode
• structural organization (hyphae)
• reproduction

Question 2

true or false; fungi are not a kind of plant

Answer 2

true

Question 3

true of false; fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants

Answer 3

true

Question 4

Describe biodiversity

Answer 4

flora, fauna, fungi

Question 5

What are the 5 phyla of the kingdom fungi

Answer 5

• Chytridiomycetes (Chytrids)
• Zygomycetes
• Glomeromycetes
• Ascomycetes
• Basidiomycetes

Question 6

true or false; animals and fungi have a common ancestor

Answer 6

true

Question 7

true or false; the only fungi with motile spores are chytrids

Answer 7

true

Question 8

What are the 3 functions of fungi

Answer 8

1. ) decomposition ( nutrient recycling)
2. ) plant nutrition (mycorrhizas)
3. ) cause diseases (plants, fungi, animals, humans)

Question 9

What are the other 4 function of fungi

Answer 9

spoilage
industrial uses
food production
research tools- eg Saccharomyces first genome to be sequenced

Question 10

What is a fungus

Answer 10

• eukaryotic (multicellular, true nucleus)
• heterotrophic (do not make their own food)
• non motile (except chytrids); sessile
• cell walls containing chitin
• reproduction (ads) dispersal, survival , adaptation
• mainly haploid
• many terrestrial habit (some aquatic)

Question 11

What are the types of heterotrophs

Answer 11

1. ) Saprobes
2. ) Parasites/ Pathogens
3. ) Mutualistic symbionts

Question 12

What is a saprobe

Answer 12

feed and live in/on dead organic matter (nutrient recycling eg. wood rotting fungi, bread mold)

Question 13

What are pathogen/parasites

Answer 13

kill or cause harm to living host (plant, animal, or other fungus), causing disease (mildew, rust, tinea)

Question 14

What are mutualistic symbionts

Answer 14

mutual benefit to host and fungus (lichens and mycorrhizals)

Question 15

How do fungi feed

Answer 15

• hyphae
• secrete enzymes
• extra-cellular digestion of food
• fungus absorbs nutrients
• causes soft rotting ahead of fungus

Question 16

What form are fungus mostly

Answer 16

filamentous

Question 17

What type of cell wall do fungi have

Answer 17

• fungal cell walls contain chitin as the major ‘polysaccharide’ component; plants have cellulose

Question 18

where is chitin also found

Answer 18

insect exoskeleton

Question 19

how do yeasts reproduce

Answer 19

budding off

- single celled

Question 20

What are hyphae

Answer 20

tubular filaments

Question 21

what is a mycelium

Answer 21

mass of hyphae

Question 22

What is mycology

Answer 22

study of fungi

Question 23

what causes dandruff

Answer 23

Malassezia fungus

Question 24

true or false; hyphae form both vegetative (mycelium) and reproductive stages (fruiting bodies)

Answer 24

true

Question 25

What to hyphal characters vary in

Answer 25

nuclear content and septation with different fungal phyla

Question 26

What are coenocytic hyphae

Answer 26

= many nuclei in cytoplasm that is not separated into cells by septa (cross walls)

Question 27

What phyla demonstrates coenocytic hyphae

Answer 27

zygomycetes

chytridiomycetes (chytrids)

Question 28

What are septate hyphae

Answer 28

hyphae with septa (also have pores)

Question 29

true or false; some parasitic fungi have modified hyphal structures (haustoria)

Answer 29

true

Question 30

What is haustoria (haustorium (single))

Answer 30

nutrient absorbing hyphal tips that penetrate the tissues of their host

Question 31

true or false; some fungi even have hyphae adapted to prey on tiny animals like nematodes

Answer 31

true

Question 32

how does a hypha grow

Answer 32

• extension by hyphal tip
• grow mostly through food
• thin, long tube

Question 33

true or false; hyphae have high surface area to volume ratio; eg. 10cm^3 soil may have 300cm^3 of hyphae

Answer 33

true

Question 34

true or false; hyphae are ideally adapted to absorb food

Answer 34

true