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102 Fungal Biology & Diversity > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define arbuscule

A

branched, tree like organ, in mycorrhizal fungi

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2
Q

What characteristics must fungi reproductive organs posses to increase their chances of success

A

R.A.D
R= resist- harsh conditions (hibernates)
A= adapt- to environment (sexual recombination)
D= disperse- to new environment (spores; conidia)

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3
Q

What are the 4 dispersal mechanisms of fungi

A
  1. ) wind dispersal
  2. ) rain dispersal
  3. ) water (stream) dispersal
  4. ) animal dispersal
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4
Q

What form are fungi dispersed

A

spores

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5
Q

What is wind dispersal; what kind of characteristics do wind dispersed spores have in common

A
  • use of wind; eg. mushroom cap

spores:

  • small
  • dry
  • light
  • powdery texture
  • UV protected
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6
Q

What is rain dispersal & what characteristics must the spores dispersed this way have to increase their chances of success

A
  • use of rain, wet, splash

spores:
- sticky spores

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7
Q

What is water (stream) dispersal & what characteristics do the spores dispersed this way have

A
  • use water

spores:

  • complex shapes
  • and/or often branched
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8
Q

What is animal dispersal & what characteristics do the spores dispersed this way have

A
  • animal vector (eg. fly, cow, arthropods, mammals, etc)

spores:

  • large
  • sticky
  • thick walled spores (resistant to digestion of animals)
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9
Q

true or false; insects can disperse fungal spores

A

true

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10
Q

true or false; termites create “fungus gardens” - cultivate the fungus to process leaf material so that it can be digested by the termites

A

true

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11
Q

What transports DED

A
  • transported and inoculated by bark borrowing beetles
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12
Q

What controls the naming of fungi

A

ICN

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

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13
Q

what was the naming of fungi traditionally based on

A

appearance of teleomorphic/sexual stage of life cycle structures

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14
Q

What does anamorph mean

A

asexual stage

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15
Q

What does teleomorph mean

A

sexual stage

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16
Q

What revolutionized fungi classification

A

sequence data of genome

17
Q

true or false; venturia inequalis = spilocaea pomi

A

true

18
Q

What is the new name for Spilocaea pomi

A

Fusicladium pomi

19
Q

What are the characteristics of chytrids

A
  • most primitive fungi
  • lack true mycelium
  • coenocytic
  • aseptate hyphae
  • walls contain chitin
  • thick walled resting spores or sporangia (prevent from drying out)
  • multicellular diploid stage
  • motile zoospores
  • water or soil inhibiting
20
Q

Where are chytrids found

A

water or soil inhibiting

21
Q

What are 3 examples of Chytrids

A
  1. ) Physoderma alfalfae (crown wart)
  2. ) Olpidium brassicae (on roots of lettuce)
  3. ) Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) ; contributes to decline of frogs globally
22
Q

What are the characteristics of Zygomycota

A
  • have true mycelium
  • aseptate generally
  • coenocytic hyphae
  • profuse, rapidly growing hyphae
23
Q

What are the asexual structures of zygomycota

A

Sporangium
sporangiophore
rhizoids

24
Q

What is sporangium

A

contains sporangiospores

25
Q

What is sporangiophore

A

stalk that holds up sporangium

26
Q

What are rhizoids

A

root like structures

27
Q

What do you call the sexual structures of zygomycota

A

gemetangia

28
Q

What happens after the fusion of 2 gametangia

A

formation of zygosporangium

29
Q

What does a zygosporangium contain

A
  • contains zygospore resistant, survival structure
30
Q

Define heterothallic fungus

A

requires combination of a + and - strain for sexual reproduction

31
Q

Define homothallic fungus

A

self fertile

can produce sexual structures form a single genetic strain

32
Q

What is a zygomycete example of a heterothallic

A

Rhizopus stolonifer

33
Q

How do zygomycetes disperse their spores

A

spore guns; like Pilobolus
dung inhabiting
5-10mm sporangiophores
light detection (phototropism)

34
Q

Where can zygomycetes be found

A

soil saprobes
weak plant parasites
insect parasites

35
Q

What is a zygomycete example of soil parasite

A

Entomophthora muscae

36
Q

What are examples of uses of Zygomycetes in the industry

A
  1. ) Mucor and Rhizopus
    - tempeh production (soybean cake)
  2. ) Mucor
    - rennet production (enzyme involved in cheese production)

3.) Rhizopus
- produces fumaric acid
(paper industry, improve strength and stiffness of paper)

102 Fungal Biology & Diversity (7 decks)

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