Lecture 2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
What percentage of causes for psychological disorders were considered supernatural?
~10%
The remainder were psychological and biological causes.
What are the two main types of models that influence mental disorders in biological perspectives?
- Structural Models
- Biochemical Models
What do structural models suggest about mental disorders?
Abnormalities in the structure of the brain influence mental disorders.
What do biochemical models indicate about mental disorders?
Imbalances in neurotransmitters or hormones influence mental disorders.
What is the role of disordered genes in mental disorders?
Disordered genes influence mental disorders.
What is the concept of ‘Nature Via Nurture’?
Almost all behavior is heritable to some degree and genes do not operate in isolation from the environment.
What is meant by ‘Polygenic’ in the context of mental disorders?
Disorders reflect the combined influence of multiple genes.
What is the difference between shared and nonshared environments?
- Shared Environment: common factors among family members
- Nonshared Environment: unique factors among family members
What does behavioral genetics study?
The degree to which genes and environmental factors influence behavior.
What is heritability?
The extent to which variability in a behavior can be accounted for by genetic influences.
Define genotype.
The total genetic makeup of an individual.
Define phenotype.
Totality of observable behavioral characteristics.
What is Gene-Environment Interaction?
Your genes interact with the environment to produce an outcome.
What is differential susceptibility?
The inherited responsiveness to the effects of the environment, both good and bad.
What does GxE Interaction refer to?
Genotype affects depressive rates in the context of maltreatment.
What is epigenetics?
The environment alters gene expression.
What does the limbic system regulate?
Emotions, learning, impulses, sex, and aggression.
What functions does the frontal lobe control?
Planning, thinking, learning, impulse control, attention.
What is structural connectivity?
Different structures of the brain connected via white matter.
What is functional connectivity?
Correlations between BOLD signals across different brain regions.
What is a brain network?
Clusters of brain regions that activate together during tasks.
What is the purpose of a prefrontal lobotomy?
To calm individuals with severe disorders.
What is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)?
A treatment that uses magnets to stimulate neural activity.
What does electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involve?
Passing an electric current through the brain.
