Lecture 3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What do cognitive behavioral influences on psychological disorders focus on?
They focus on the interplay between thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
What are the early behavioral models related to psychopathology?
They include classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling.
What is classical conditioning?
An association formed between stimuli and responses.
What is operant conditioning?
An association formed between behaviors and consequences (rewards and punishments).
What does the law of effect state?
Behavior followed by pleasant consequences will be repeated; behavior followed by unpleasant consequences will be discouraged.
What is the principle of extinction in classical conditioning?
The conditioned response goes away if the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
What is behavioral activation therapy?
Engaging in tasks/behaviors that are positively reinforcing, often used to treat depression.
What is modeling in the context of behaviorism?
Learning through watching and imitating others.
True or False: Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior rather than consciousness or mental functioning.
True
Who treated patients with hysteria and believed in the emotional release through talking?
Frantz Anton Mesmer.
What is the structure of the mind according to Freud?
Id, superego, and ego.
What does the id represent in Freud’s model?
The most primitive drives or urges, operating on the pleasure principle.
What role does the superego play in personality?
Acts as our conscience, representing moral standards.
What is the function of the ego in Freud’s model?
Balances the demands of the id and superego in the context of reality.
What are defense mechanisms?
Unconscious behaviors that aim to reduce discomfort from conflicts between the id and superego.
What is psychoanalytic therapy primarily focused on?
Accessing the patient’s unconscious conflicts rather than current symptoms.
What is cognition?
Mental processes of perceiving, recognizing, conceiving, judging, and reasoning.
What is cognitive restructuring?
Changing a pattern of thought by challenging appraisals and restructuring schemas.
What is the main argument of Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy regarding depression?
Depressed people have a negative bias in recall, attention, and interpretation of events.
What is the difference between emotion and mood?
Emotion: short-lived states; Mood: emotional experiences that are enduring.
What sociocultural factors can influence psychopathology?
Sex assigned at birth, gender, race, culture, ethnicity, and income inequality.
What is interpersonal therapy (IPT)?
Emphasizes the importance of current relationships and how problems in these relationships contribute to psychological symptoms.
Fill in the blank: The principles of _______ involve associating behaviors with consequences.
Operant Conditioning
Fill in the blank: Freud theorized that psychopathology results from unconscious _______.
conflicts
