Lecture 7 Anxiety disorder 1

Question 1

What percentage of US adults experience an anxiety disorder at least once in their lifetime?

Answer 1

34%

Kessler et al., 2012

Question 2

What is the early onset percentage of anxiety disorders in 13-17 year olds?

Answer 2

32%

Question 3

What percentage of individuals with anxiety disorders show consistent remission?

Answer 3

~15%

Question 4

Define fear in terms of its biological function.

Answer 4

Reaction to immediate danger; prepares for immediate action (fight or flight response)

Question 5

Define anxiety in terms of its characteristics.

Answer 5

Diffuse sense of apprehension about anticipated threat or danger; course of action is not fully clear.

Question 6

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

Answer 6

Describes the relationship between anxiety and performance

Question 7

What are some types of anxiety disorders?

Answer 7

• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Specific Phobia
• Agoraphobia
• Panic Disorder
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 8

What defines a specific phobia?

Answer 8

Intense, persistent fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion to the actual threat.

Question 9

What are the DSM-5-TR criteria for Specific Phobia?

Answer 9

• Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
• The phobic object almost always provokes fear
• The object is avoided or endured with intense fear
• Fear is out of proportion to the danger
• Fear is persistent (typically > 6 months)
• Causes clinically significant distress or impairment

Question 10

What is the lifetime prevalence of specific phobia?

Answer 10

13.8%

Question 11

What is the gender difference in anxiety disorders?

Answer 11

2:1 gender difference exists

Question 12

What are common examples of specific phobias?

Answer 12

• Spiders
• Heights
• Thunderstorms
• Flying

Question 13

What is social anxiety disorder characterized by?

Answer 13

Marked fear or anxiety about social situations where scrutiny by others is possible.

Question 14

What are the DSM-IV criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder?

Answer 14

• Fear of acting in a way that will be evaluated negatively
• Social situations provoke fear or anxiety
• Avoidance or endurance with intense fear
• Fear is out of proportion and persistent for > 6 months

Question 15

What is the lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder?

Answer 15

13%

Question 16

What defines a panic attack?

Answer 16

Abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes.

Question 17

What are the symptoms of a panic attack?

Answer 17

• Palpitations
• Sweating
• Trembling
• Shortness of breath
• Feelings of choking
• Chest pain
• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Derealization or depersonalization

Question 18

What are the DSM-V-TR criteria for Panic Disorder?

Answer 18

• Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
• At least 1 attack followed by 1 month of concern about more attacks or maladaptive behavior

Question 19

What is agoraphobia literally translated to?

Answer 19

Fear of the marketplace

Question 20

What are the DSM V TR criteria for Agoraphobia?

Answer 20

• Marked fear/anxiety about 2 or more situations (e.g., using public transport, being in open/enclosed spaces)
• Situations provoke fear or anxiety
• Actively avoided or endured with intense fear
• Symptoms last at least 6 months

Question 21

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder characterized by?

Answer 21

Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months.

Question 22

What are common symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Answer 22

• Trouble relaxing
• Sleep problems
• Difficulty concentrating
• Physical symptoms like racing heart

Question 23

What is the DSM-5-TR criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Answer 23

Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months about a number of events or activities

Individuals find it difficult to control the worry.

Question 24

How many symptoms must be associated with anxiety and worry to meet GAD criteria?

Answer 24

At least 3 symptoms (only one is required for children)

Symptoms include restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.

Question 25

List the symptoms associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Answer 25

* Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge * Being easily fatigued * Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank * Irritability * Muscle tension * Sleep disturbance

Question 26

What is differential diagnosis?

Answer 26

The process of distinguishing between two or more disorders that share similar symptoms.

Question 27

What distinguishes Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) from Agoraphobia?

Answer 27

SAD involves fear of scrutiny by others and calmness when alone; Agoraphobia involves fear of situations where escape is not possible and not being calm when alone.

Question 28

In which disorder does fear of scrutiny by others occur?

Answer 28

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD).

Question 29

What is a key feature of Agoraphobia?

Answer 29

Fear of situations where they cannot escape in the event of panic-like symptoms.

Question 30

Does Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) always include panic attacks?

Answer 30

No, SAD may or may not have panic attacks.

Question 31

What characterizes panic attacks in Social Anxiety Disorder?

Answer 31

If panic attacks occur, they are cued/triggered by social situations.

Question 32

What is the comorbidity rate for those with anxiety disorders?

Answer 32

More than half of those with an anxiety disorder meet criteria for another anxiety disorder.

Question 33

What percentage of those with anxiety disorders meet criteria for another psychological disorder?

Answer 33

75%.

Question 34

What is likely to accompany anxiety disorders?

Answer 34

An accompanying medical disorder, such as coronary heart disease.