Lecture 5 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the primary types of mood disorders?
Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders
Depressive Disorders include Major Depressive Disorder and Persistent Depressive Disorder, while Bipolar Disorders include Bipolar I and II.
What are the key symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
- Depressed mood most of the day
- Anhedonia
- Significant weight loss/gain
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Feelings of worthlessness
- Fatigue
- Diminished concentration
- Recurrent thoughts of death
At least five of these symptoms must be present for nearly every day during a 2-week period.
Define the term ‘anhedonia’.
Inability to experience pleasure
Anhedonia is a core symptom of Major Depressive Disorder.
What is the duration requirement for Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?
Depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years
For children and adolescents, the duration is at least 1 year.
What are the symptoms required for a diagnosis of mania?
- Elevated mood
- Increased energy
- Inflated self-esteem
- Decreased need for sleep
- More talkative
- Flight of ideas
- Increased distractibility
- Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
At least three of these symptoms must be present for a distinct period lasting most of the day for at least 1 week.
What differentiates Bipolar I from Bipolar II disorders?
Bipolar I requires at least one manic episode; Bipolar II requires at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode
Bipolar I may not have depressive episodes.
Fill in the blank: The lifetime prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder is approximately _______.
16.2%
This statistic reflects the proportion of people who will experience MDD at some point in their lives.
True or False: Bipolar disorders have a higher lifetime prevalence than depressive disorders.
False
Major depressive disorder has a higher lifetime prevalence than bipolar disorders.
What is the typical age of onset for mood disorders?
15-25 years
Persistent depressive disorder and bipolar II typically have a later onset.
What are common comorbid conditions with Major Depressive Disorder?
- Anxiety disorders
- Substance use disorders
- Personality disorders
Approximately 45% of those with a depressive disorder will also experience an anxiety disorder.
What percentage of individuals with Bipolar I report a suicide attempt during their lifetime?
1 in 4
More than half report suicidal ideation within the past year.
How do socioeconomic factors influence the prevalence of mood disorders?
3x more common among persons in poverty
Life stress, rather than wealth or poverty alone, is a significant predictor.
What is a significant outcome of Major Depressive Disorder?
Second leading cause of mental-health related disability
MDD can lead to long-term health issues and increased hospitalization.
What is the prevalence of Cyclothymia?
Estimated ~4% prevalence
Cyclothymia is characterized by chronic mild hypomanic and depressive symptoms.
What is the typical duration of episodes for Bipolar disorders?
Episodes can recur frequently, with a significant percentage experiencing recurrences within the first few years
41% of people with Bipolar experience a recurrence in the first year.
What role does gender play in the prevalence of depressive disorders?
Depressive disorders are approximately 2 times more common among women
Gender minorities also show higher rates of depression.
What factors contribute to gender differences in depression rates?
- Willingness to report depression
- Coping styles
- Exposure to trauma
- Chronic stressors
Socialization and life experiences play a significant role.
