lecture 2

Question 0

Naive and active B/T cells circulate blood by leaving LN through what?

Answer 0

efferent vessel

Question 1

how do naive B cells survive w/o Ag?

Answer 1

BCR make own survival signal when there is no Ag

Question 2

what do naive B/T cells depend on to survive?

Answer 2

1. signals from Ag receptors

2. cytokines

Question 3

how do Naive T cells survive w/o Ag?

Answer 3

TCR recognize self Ag weekly, but not enough to start cloning

Question 4

most important cytokine for T cell survival is what?

Answer 4

IL-7

Question 5

what does IL-7 do for the survival of naive T cells?

Answer 5

promotes low level cycling

Question 6

what cytokine is required for naive B cells survival?

Answer 6

BAFF (B cell activating factor)

Question 7

what cell stage are naive cells in?

Answer 7

G0

Question 8

what cell stage do stimulated cells enter?

Answer 8

G1

Question 9

what cytokines are need for T cell development?

Answer 9

IL-1, 2, 6, 7

Question 10

most mature naive T cells are where? and NOT doing what?

Answer 10

periphery & NOT proliferating

Question 11

what 2 kinds of T cells develop when they undergo selection?

Answer 11

T helper cells & cytotoxic T cells

Question 12

what cytokines are need for B cell development?

Answer 12

IL - 1, 6, 7

Question 13

what Ig’s are expressed on B cells?

Answer 13

IgM & IgD

Question 14

when activated, what do B ells mature into?

Answer 14

plasma & memory cells

Question 15

why do B cells need helper T cells?

Answer 15

B cells present Ag to helper T, the B cells can proliferate & make antibodies

Question 16

what do plasma cells make & secrete?

Answer 16

antibodies

Question 17

what are antigen presenting cells function?

Answer 17

1. capture, process, display Ag to lymphocytes in LN

2. provide signals to stimulate proliferation & differentiation of lymphocytes

Question 18

Do B & T cells need APC for activation?

Answer 18

no, only T cells

Question 19

what are 4 types of APCs?

Answer 19

1. DC - major type for T
2. macrophages - cell mediated
3. B cells - humeral (present to helper T cells)
4. follicular DC - B cells

Question 20

what are DC very important for?

Answer 20

activation of Naive T cells

Question 21

DC’s maturation is dependent on what cytokine?

Answer 21

Flt 3 ligand

Question 22

Do DC’s secrete cytokines?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

classical DC characteristics?

Answer 23

in skin, mucosa, organ parenchyma. when activated, go to LN & present Ag to T cells

Question 24

plasmacytoid DC characteristics

Answer 24

1. early responders to viral infections
2. recognize nucleic acids of intracellular viruses
3. produce – IFN alpha/beta (type 1)

Question 25

what does IFN alpha/beta have?

Answer 25

potent antiviral activities

Question 26

follicular DC characteristics

Answer 26

1. display Ag to B cells

2. keep complement - fixed Ag for a while, this provides antigenic stimulus that drives Ab affinity maturation

Question 27

what type of cell has functions similar to effector T cells, but NO Tcells antigen receptors?

Answer 27

Innate Lymphoid cells (Natural Killer cells)

Question 28

what are 3 functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells?

Answer 28

1. provide early defense
2. stressed/damaged cells & eliminate them
3. help with adaptive response

Question 29

what kind of cells is a natural killer cell?

Answer 29

innate lymphoid cell

Question 30

what cytokine do NK cells secrete?

Answer 30

IFN- gamma

Question 31

where in the thymus is the white/red pulp?

what is inside white pulp?

Answer 31

1. medulla

2. T cells developing

Question 32

what are the white pulp zones called in the spleen?

Answer 32

1. T cell zone “ periateriolar lymphoid sheath”

2. B cell zone “ germinal center”

Question 33

how do naive B/T cells enter the LN?

Answer 33

artery -> HEV -> go to zones