lecture 2 Flashcards

(34 cards)

0
Q

Naive and active B/T cells circulate blood by leaving LN through what?

A

efferent vessel

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1
Q

how do naive B cells survive w/o Ag?

A

BCR make own survival signal when there is no Ag

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2
Q

what do naive B/T cells depend on to survive?

A
  1. signals from Ag receptors

2. cytokines

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3
Q

how do Naive T cells survive w/o Ag?

A

TCR recognize self Ag weekly, but not enough to start cloning

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4
Q

most important cytokine for T cell survival is what?

A

IL-7

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5
Q

what does IL-7 do for the survival of naive T cells?

A

promotes low level cycling

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6
Q

what cytokine is required for naive B cells survival?

A

BAFF (B cell activating factor)

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7
Q

what cell stage are naive cells in?

A

G0

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8
Q

what cell stage do stimulated cells enter?

A

G1

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9
Q

what cytokines are need for T cell development?

A

IL-1, 2, 6, 7

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10
Q

most mature naive T cells are where? and NOT doing what?

A

periphery & NOT proliferating

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11
Q

what 2 kinds of T cells develop when they undergo selection?

A

T helper cells & cytotoxic T cells

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12
Q

what cytokines are need for B cell development?

A

IL - 1, 6, 7

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13
Q

what Ig’s are expressed on B cells?

A

IgM & IgD

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14
Q

when activated, what do B ells mature into?

A

plasma & memory cells

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15
Q

why do B cells need helper T cells?

A

B cells present Ag to helper T, the B cells can proliferate & make antibodies

16
Q

what do plasma cells make & secrete?

17
Q

what are antigen presenting cells function?

A
  1. capture, process, display Ag to lymphocytes in LN

2. provide signals to stimulate proliferation & differentiation of lymphocytes

18
Q

Do B & T cells need APC for activation?

A

no, only T cells

19
Q

what are 4 types of APCs?

A
  1. DC - major type for T
  2. macrophages - cell mediated
  3. B cells - humeral (present to helper T cells)
  4. follicular DC - B cells
20
Q

what are DC very important for?

A

activation of Naive T cells

21
Q

DC’s maturation is dependent on what cytokine?

22
Q

Do DC’s secrete cytokines?

23
Q

classical DC characteristics?

A

in skin, mucosa, organ parenchyma. when activated, go to LN & present Ag to T cells

24
plasmacytoid DC characteristics
1. early responders to viral infections 2. recognize nucleic acids of intracellular viruses 3. produce -- IFN alpha/beta (type 1)
25
what does IFN alpha/beta have?
potent antiviral activities
26
follicular DC characteristics
1. display Ag to B cells | 2. keep complement - fixed Ag for a while, this provides antigenic stimulus that drives Ab affinity maturation
27
what type of cell has functions similar to effector T cells, but NO Tcells antigen receptors?
Innate Lymphoid cells (Natural Killer cells)
28
what are 3 functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells?
1. provide early defense 2. stressed/damaged cells & eliminate them 3. help with adaptive response
29
what kind of cells is a natural killer cell?
innate lymphoid cell
30
what cytokine do NK cells secrete?
IFN- gamma
31
where in the thymus is the white/red pulp? | what is inside white pulp?
1. medulla | 2. T cells developing
32
what are the white pulp zones called in the spleen?
1. T cell zone " periateriolar lymphoid sheath" | 2. B cell zone " germinal center"
33
how do naive B/T cells enter the LN?
artery -> HEV -> go to zones