lecture 3 Flashcards

(45 cards)

0
Q

leukocyte homing

A

migration of leukocyte out of blood & into a particular tissue

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1
Q

mirgration/recruitment

A

general prcess of leukocyte movement from blood -> tissues

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2
Q

what do chemokines do during leukocyte “rolling”?

A
  1. activate integrins

2. trigger adhesion

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3
Q

once out of vessel, what helps leukocytes get to specified area?

A

chemokine gradients

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4
Q

macrophages & mast cells secrete chemokines, what do they activate?

A

endothelial cells, which creates an increase in adhesiveness of endothelial cells for leukocytes

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5
Q

what does homing require?

A

temporary adhesion

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6
Q

what is addressing?

A

a set of adhesion molecules on the surface of endothelial cells, they regulate lymphoid recirculation

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7
Q

what is the p-selectin ligand?

A

sialy lewis X on PSGL-1

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8
Q

what is the E-selectin ligand

A

sialy lewis CLA-1

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9
Q

what is the L-selectin ligand?

A

sialy lewis X/PNAd on Gly CAM-1 CD34

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10
Q

selectin characteristics

A
  1. carb-binding adhesion molecules

2. low affinity adhesion

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11
Q

what cytokines activate L-selectins?

A

IL-1 & TNF

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12
Q

what ligand is expression on HEV?

A

PNAd (Peripheral Node Addressins)

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13
Q

what is the integrin LFA-1 ligand?

A

I-CAM-1
I-CAM-2
endothelium

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14
Q

what is the integrin Mac-1 ligand?

A

I-CAM-1
I-CAM-2
endothelium

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15
Q

what is the integrin alpha4beta7 ligand?

A

V-CAM-1
Mad CAM-1
endothelium in gut

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16
Q

integrin characteristics

A
  1. 2 chains that mediate adhesions
  2. cytoplasmic end - interacts with cytoskeleton
  3. extracellular end - interacts with extracellular ligands
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17
Q

how do integrins change affinity?

A

respond to intracellular signals by rapidly increasing affinity for their ligands

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18
Q

what are the 2 most important integrins expressed on leukocytes?

A
  1. LFA-1

2. VLA-4

19
Q

what is happening when LFA-1 & ICAM-1 bind?

A

a leukocyte & endothelial cell interact

20
Q

when a chemokine binds to a chemokine receptor, what does this cause?

A

integrin activation – in leukocytes

21
Q

how do you activate a T cell

A

Ag bind to TCR (T cell receptor)

22
Q

conformational changes in extracellular domains of the integrins lead to what?

A

increased affinity of integrins

23
Q

what is the normal conditions of integrin -leukocyte?

A

low affinity, bent position

24
what is the inflammation condition of integrin- leukocyte?
high affinity, extended position
25
what is it called when the extracellular domain of integrins respond to intracellular chemokine signals?
inside-out signaling
26
what are the 2 roles of chemokines?
1. stimulate leukocyte movement | 2. regulate migration of leukocytes from blood -> tissue
27
chemokine CXC recruits what?
neutrophils
28
chemokine CC recruits what?
monocytes
29
chemokine CXC & CC recruit what?
lymphocytes
30
what produces chemokines CXC & CC
leukocytes
31
what cytokines induce chemokine production?
TNF, IL-1, 17
32
activated T cells induce what chemokine?
CC
33
what is the main biological action of chemokines?
enhance adhesion of circulating leukocytes to endothelium
34
in migration of neutrophils, what cytokines activate the endothelial cells?
TNF & IL-1
35
what chemokine controls transmigration of monocytes?
CCL2
36
what selectin is needed for B/T cells to enter HEV?
L-selectin (PNAd)
37
what 2 chemokines are on HEV?
CCL19 & CCL21
38
Naive T cells do not express receptors, what is missing?
S1PR1
39
T cells can leave the LN when ______ is expressed
S1PR1
40
what mobilizes effector T cells in sits of inflammation?
CD44
41
what does CD44 do in terms of rolling?
mediates rolling interactions with vascular endothelial cells expressing HA (a natural ligand)
42
CD44 + HA = ?
inside-out (VLA-2 --VCAM binding)
43
what ligands are needed for naive B cells to enter via HEV?
CXCL12, CCL19, CCL21
44
what specifically migrates naive B cells to their zone in LNs?
CXCL13