Lecture 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Describe the maturation of a neutrophil
Myeloblast -> progranulocyte -> myelocyte->
(Proliferation and maturation)
Metamyelocyte -> band -> segmented
(Maturation only aka ones that get spit out of marrow first)
What is the life of a neutrophil?
How long does it take a myeloblast to mature into a seg?
How many times does the neutrophil population replace itself in a day?
10 hours
1 week
2.5 times
What does PMNs or polys refer to
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Neutrophils only
What are species differences in the marrow storage pool?
Dogs > cats > horses > bovine
Therefore, dogs respond more readily to excess tissue demand than bovines. Dogs will present with neutrophilia while cows may present with a neutropenia
Describe the pools for neutrophils
Proliferative pool -> maturation and storage pool –>
Circulating pool marginating pool –>
Tissues
*most species have 50-50 in circulating and marginating pools, cats have 30-70
Which pool are blood samples representative of?
Circulating pools
Conditions that cause altered distribution of neutrophils between pools?
Inflammation
Stress
Excitement
Endotoxemia
What determines the time in circulation for neutrophils?
Tissue demand for neutrophils- NOT age of neutrophil like in RBCs
Shortened during inflammation
Describe lymphocyte distribution and kinetics
Can vary from hours to years
Produced in bone marrow during neonatal phase, but switches to lymph nodes after neonatal
Lymphocytes can go all over the place- blood, tissues, lymph nodes, lymph vessels and go back and forth
What happens if the thoracic duct is damaged
Chylous effusion- lymphocytes in chest
In blood, what are most lymphocytes?
T cells
Where do WBCs go to die?
Tissues
Once in tissues, what does a lymphocyte do?
Blastogenesis
Travel to lymphatics
Die
Describe monocyte kinetics
Stem from same cell as neutrophils
Can travel to tissues
Differentiate in tissues into cells of mononuclear phagocyte system- macrophages, dendritic cells, microglial cells, histiocytic cells
Describe eosinophil kinetics
Attracted by IL-5
NAACP
Short half life in blood- longer in tissues
Geographic variation- more common in south
Number in tissues don’t always correlate with number in blood
Describe basophil kinetics
Half-life in blood= 2-3 days; longer in tissues
No one knows function
Does NOT become mast cell in tissues
Increases in parallel to eosinophils
Describe mast cell kinetics
Abnormal to see in blood
Long lived in tissues
Will see during mast cell tumors, allergies and hypersensitivity, fibrosis, and inflammation
What “penias” are clinically significant
Neutropenia, lymphopenias, eosinopenias
What “philias” or “cytosis” are clinically significant
Neutrophilia, eosinophilia, basophilia, monocytosis, lymphocytosis
When might you see a left shift in neutrophils
Neutrophilia, normal neutrophil concentration, neutropenia (indicates severe inflammation and consumption of neutrophils)
What are some etiologies for left shifting
Inflammation- infections or noninfectious (IMHA)
Hereditary (pelger-huet)
Neoplasia
Regenerative left shift
Neutrophilia with left shift AND mature neutrophils predominate
Degenerative left shift
Normal neutrophil count or neutropenia
OR
Immature neutrophils predominate
*bad in small animals, not too bad in large animals because they have low storage pool
Dysplasia
Abnormal maturation
Myelodysplastic syndrome
