Lecture 2

Question 1

What Vitamin is important for eye health?

Answer 1

Vitamin A

Question 2

All of these are symptoms of what deficiency?

Perifollicular hyperkeratosis, night blindness, xerophthalmia, impairement of cell-mediated immune systems

Answer 2

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 3

What population does Vitamin A deficiency affect most?

Answer 3

Children

Question 4

Who is at risk for Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 4

People who don’t get enough sunlight

Question 5

What assay would you use to assess Vitamin D status?

Answer 5

25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25(OH)D or calcidiol)

Question 6

What is the name of Vitamin D deficiency in adults?

Answer 6

Osteomalacia

Question 7

What is the name of Vitamin D deficiency in children?

Answer 7

Rickets

Question 8

What level of Vitamin D when looking at 25(OH)D is considered a deficiency?

Answer 8

< 20 ng/mL

Question 9

How do you treat a vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 9

50,000 IU cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol weekly for 6-8 weeks then recheck

Question 10

What constitiutes a vitamin D insufficiency?

Answer 10

20-30 ng/ mL

Question 11

How do you treat a Vitamin D insufficiency?

Answer 11

Give 1000-4000 IU daily

Question 12

What is the optimal range of Vitamin D 25-hydroxy ?

Answer 12

40-60

Question 13

What is a sufficient level of Vitamin D 25-hydroxy ?

Answer 13

30-100 ng/mL

Question 14

What deficiency are these symptoms of:

Impaired coagulation

Easily brusing

Mucosal bleeding

Answer 14

Vitamin K

Question 15

If an individual is taking Coumadin thearpy, what needs to happen with their vitamin K intake

Answer 15

Keep them constant

Question 16

Who is at risk for a thiamin deficiency?

Answer 16

Alcoholics and those with a folate deficiency

Question 17

What is the disease name of those with a thiamin deficiency?

Answer 17

Beriberi

Question 18

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome associated with?

Answer 18

Thiamin deficiency

Question 19

What is the disease associated with Niacin deficiency?

Answer 19

Pellagra

Question 20

What are the symptoms of Pellagra

Answer 20

i. Dermatitis
ii. Diarrhea
iii. Dermentia
iv. Death

Question 21

Why might a high dose of niacin be prescribed clinically?

Answer 21

Decrease LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, increase HDL

Question 22

What are potential consequences of niacin toxicity?

Answer 22

Elevation in liver enzymes, raise blood glucose levels, flushing

Question 23

What amino acid is converted to niacin in the human body?

Answer 23

Tryptophan

Question 24

What other vitamin is needed to convert niacin into tryptophan?

Answer 24

Vitamin B6

Question 25

What can folate deficiency result in for pregnant women?

Answer 25

Neural tube defects in their babies

Question 26

What dose, specifically, of folate is recommended for women of childbearing age?

Answer 26

400 ug extra from fortified foods/ supplements

Question 27

What vitamin deficiency can be masked by excess intake of folate?

Answer 27

Vitamin B12 (pernicious anemia)

Question 28

What is too much homocysteine related to?

Answer 28

Higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease

Question 29

What symptoms as associated with hypocalcemia?

Answer 29

irritability, “pin and needles” in hands and feet, tetany, convulsion

Question 30

What are doses of Calcium for osteoporosis?

Answer 30

1200-1500 mg calcium/ day (600 BID or 500 TID)

Question 31

What is the UL for calcium?

Answer 31

2500 mg/ day

Question 32

In what chronic disease state would you want to screen for elevated serum phos levels?

Answer 32

chronic kidney disease

Question 33

In what chronic disease state would you want to screen for elevated serum mag levels?

Answer 33

chronic kidney disease