Renal

Question 1

A GFR of 15-29 indicates what stage of CKD?

Answer 1

Stage 4

Question 2

A GFR of 60-89 indicates which stage of CKD?

Answer 2

Stage 2 (mild kidney damage)

Question 3

A GFR of >90 with proteinuria indicates which stage of CKD?

Answer 3

Stage 1

Question 4

A GFR of <15 indicates which stage of CKD?

Answer 4

Stage 5

Question 5

A GFR of 30-59 indicates which stage of CKD?

Answer 5

Stage 3 (moderate kidney damage)

Question 6

In ARF if GFR is less than 10 and patient isn’t catabolic or on CRRT (continuous renal replacement therapy) how much protein should they get?

Answer 6

0.8 g/kg/day

Question 7

How much protein should an individual on hemodialysis have?

Answer 7

1.2 gm/kg/day

Question 8

How much protein should an individual on peritoneal dialysis get?

Answer 8

1.2 to 1.3 gm/kg/day

Question 9

What is the only completely accurate know the calories for a patient?

Answer 9

Indirect calorimetry

Question 10

In ARF what is the standard k cals/ day for the person.

Answer 10

35 kcals/ kg

Question 11

When might you have to replace Na in an ARF patient?

Answer 11

During recovery phase

Question 12

How much protein for CKD stages 1-3?

Answer 12

0.75 gm/kg/day

Question 13

For stages 4-5 of CKD how much protein?

Answer 13

0.6 gm/kg/day

Question 14

What type protein should be encouraged for individuals with CKD?

Answer 14

High Biological Value (HBV)

eggs, meats, animal proteins

Question 15

How much sodium is recommended for individuals with CKD?

Answer 15

<2.4 gms/day

Question 16

When might a Potassium restriction be needed in individuals with CKD?

Answer 16

Later stages

If levels are >5 mEq/L

Question 17

If a restriction of Potassium is for someone with CKD, what should that restriction be?

Answer 17

2-3 gm/day

Question 18

When is a PO4 restriction needed in Stage 3 and 4 CKD?

Answer 18

If levels is >4.6

Question 19

What do you restrict PO4 to if needed?

Answer 19

800-1000 mg/day

Question 20

What condition does a PO4 restriction help prevent?

Answer 20

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 21

How do you calculate corrected calcium?

Answer 21

[(normal albumin (4.0)- serum albumin) (correction factor (0.8) + serum calcium

Question 22

And increased urinary oxalate concentration leads to an increased risk of what?

Answer 22

Stones

Question 23

For kidney stones, what is the urine output goal?

Answer 23

2L/ day

Question 24

What fluid intake should be encouraged for individuals with kidney stones?

Answer 24

2.5-3 L

Question 25

What should a patient with kidney stones not consume?

Answer 25

Grapefruit juice, apple juice | Calcium supplements

Question 26

A low dietary calcium intake leads to an increased risk of what?

Answer 26

Oxalate absorption and excretion

Question 27

What supplementation should those with kidney stones avoid?

Answer 27

``` Calcium Vitamin C (breaks down to oxalic acid and is excreted by kidneys) ```

Question 28

What levels do you want to keep calcium between to limit tissue calcifications?

Answer 28

8.4-9.5

Question 29

For nephrotic syndrome how much protein should an individual consume?

Answer 29

0.8-1 gm/kg/day

Question 30

In the presence of edema with nephrotic syndrome, what should sodium be limited to?

Answer 30

2 grams/day in the presence of edema

Question 31

What are some examples of foods high in K?

Answer 31

Bananas, beans, milk, chocolate, apricots, potatoes, honeydew, tomatoes, cantaloupe, avocado

Question 32

What are some foods high in phosphorus?

Answer 32

cheese, red meat, potatoes

Question 33

Why are CKD pts at increased risk of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 33

Not enough vitamin D --> calcium removed from circulation and excess PTH --> hypocalcemia

Question 34

What are iron goals for Dialysis pt?

Answer 34

Iron sat >20%; Ferritin >200 ng/dL

Question 35

What are folic acid needs for CKD?

Answer 35

1 mg/day

Question 36

What are pyridoxine needs for CKD?

Answer 36

5 mg/day

Question 37

What are vitamin C needs for CKD?

Answer 37

60-100 mg/day

Question 38

How much sodium does a person on HD need?

Answer 38

2-3gm/day

Question 39

How much protein does PD need?

Answer 39

1.2-1.3 gm/kg/day

Question 40

How much protein does HD need?

Answer 40

1.2 g/kg/day

Question 41

How much fluids does HD need?

Answer 41

1000mL/day + urine output

Question 42

How much potassium does HD need?

Answer 42

2-3gm/day to maintain levels at 3.5-5.5mEq/L

Question 43

What are serum calcium levels for HD and PD?

Answer 43

8.4-9.5 mg/dL

Question 44

What are phosphorus levels for HD and PD?

Answer 44

1000-1200mg/day

Question 45

Is fluid restriction recommended for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 45

Not recommended unless patient is hyponatremic

Question 46

What is hypocalcemia associated with?

Answer 46

hyperalbuminemia

Question 47

What conditions is increased urinary oxalate seen in?

Answer 47

Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery, ilium resection, Malabsorption of dietary fat

Question 48

With kidney stones, with 2.5-3.5 L/ fluid intake, what should the urine output goal be?

Answer 48

2 L/day