lecture 2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
what are the 2 types of immune systems involved?
1) innate immune system
2) adaptive (acquired) immune system
True or false.
the innate immune system is present continuously.
True
Is the innate immune response rapid or slow and is it specific or non-specific?
= rapid
and
= non-specific
does the innate immune system have immunological memory?
= no
True or false.
The adaptive/acquired immune system is present continuously?
= FALSE
- it is only present once it has been activated by a foreign material
describe the speed of the adaptive immune response and its specificity?
= slower
and
= highly specific
does the adaptive immune system have an immunological memory?
- yes
what cells are classed as phagocytes?
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- dendritic cells
- monocytes
what cells are classed as lymphocytes?
- T cells
- B cells
- NK cells
what are the other cells involved in immune response?
- eosinophils
- basophils
- mast cells
what are antibodies also known as?
= immunoglobulins
what is the 1st inflammatory cell to be involved in an immune reaction?
= macrophages
describe the appearance of macrophages?
= kidney bean shaped nucleus
= pale pink cytoplasm
what do macrophages develop from?
= monocytes
what is the role of macrophages?
- ingest and kill the phagocyte
- limit inflammation
- promote tissue repair & wound healing
- clear debris from dead tissue
- role in antigen presentation
what is the primary role of dendritic cells?
= antigen presenting cells
describe where dendritic cells are immature and then when they become mature?
Immature cells
= when in the periphery tissue where they phagocytose antigens
Mature
= when in contact with pathogen, they mature and migrate to secondary lymphoid tissue
what are natural killers cells main role?
= specifically kill abnormal cancer cells and virally infected cells
+ antibody bound cells and pathogens
THEY DO SO:
- by releasing cytotoxic molecules causing abnormal cells
what do NK cells respond to?
= levels of MHC Class I on cell surface
describe the appearance of mast cells?
= single nucleus and HIGHLY GRANULAR
what happens when mast cells become activated?
= they degranulate, releasing histamine and tryptase
when are mast cells used?
= when there is a large antibody coated pathogen that is to large for phagocytosis
what do pathogens express that aids in their recognition by antibodies?
= PAMPs
= pathogen associated molecules patterns
what do innate immune cells express to help identify these PAMPs?
= PRRs
= pattern recognition receptors
