lecture 4 Flashcards
(31 cards)
what are 2 examples of lymphocytes?
- B cells
- T cells
what are antibodies also known as?
= immunoglobulins
what do antibodies respond to?
= antigens
what sort of response do B cells produce?
HUMORAL immune repose
where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow (primary lymphoid tissue)
what do B cells produce?
- antibodies
what sort of response do T cells produce?
CELLULAR immune response
where do T cells mature?
thymus
where do T cells develop?
= haematopeotic stem cells
what are the 2 types of T cells?
1) CD4+ T cells
2) CD8+ T cells
what is CD4+ T cells function?
= helper T cell
what is CD8+ T cells function?
= cytotoxic T cell
what is the primary lymphoid tissues role, give examples?
= for maturation of leukocytes
- bone marrow
- thymus
what is the secondary lymphoid tissues role, give examples?
= activation of the adaptive immune response
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
what is an antigen?
= any substances that causes an adaptive immune response by activating B and T cells
what are antibodies?
= proteins that bind to one specific antigen
describe the appearance of antibodies?
Y shaped
= 2 heavy chains
= 2 lighter chains
= made up of 4 polypeptide chains joined by disulphide bonds
what are the regions called where antigens bind?
= variable regions
what are 2 types of ways B cells can clonally proliferate or differentiate?
1) plasma cells
2) memory B cells
what is the germinal centre?
= when the highly proliferative cells form a secondary follicle within the B cell zone
what is the main distinguishing feature of IgM?
= 1st cell produced during an immune response
what are the 2 functions of IgM?
1) agglutination
2) complement system activation
what is agglutination?
= increased efficacy of pathogen elimination by enhancing phagocytosis
what is the most abundant antibody?
= IgG
