Lecture 2

Question 1

what is a neuron

Answer 1

the functional unit of the nervous system

Question 2

what is the function of the cell body and dendrites of a neuron

Answer 2

receptive area for incoming input from other neurons, powerhouse, and maintenance man

Question 3

what is the function of an axon

Answer 3

transmit signal to other neurons or effector cells

Question 4

how long is an axon

Answer 4

can be microns or meters

Question 5

what is the function of a synapse

Answer 5

site of communication, converting electrical signal to chemical signal

Question 6

what is the function of a presynaptic synapse

Answer 6

axon terminal or bouton contains vesicles of neurotransmitter chemical messesngers

Question 7

what is the function of a postsynaptic synapse

Answer 7

replete with receptors for Its to continue signaling process

Question 8

what are fast synapses called

Answer 8

ionotropic synapses

Question 9

what are slow synapses called

Answer 9

metabotropic synapses

Question 10

what are inotropic synapses dependent on

Answer 10

ion flux through ligand gated channels, generating voltage changes from small end plate potentials to action potentials

Question 11

what occurs in metabotropic synapses

Answer 11

the post synaptic response occurs via second messenger signaling pathways that result in longer term changes in cell metabolism, protein synthesis or gene activation

Question 12

what are the functions of neuroglia

Answer 12

• structural support, providing infrastructure for the network of neurons and their synapses
• insulation to minimize current loss along the axon
• environmental maintenance for surrounding neurons- ion concentrations, Its, toxic substances kept in check by uptake into glial cells via ion channels and membrane transporters across glial cells
• trophic support and organization info during growth and life via soluble growth factors and cell surface molecules

Question 13

what are the neuroglia in CNS called

Answer 13

oligodendrocytes

Question 14

what are the neuroglia in PNS called

Answer 14

Schwann cells

Question 15

how is input into primary sensory cortex arranged

Answer 15

according to body part from which input arose

Question 16

what is the intensity of a stimulus indicated by

Answer 16

the frequency of APs carried along the neuron

Question 17

what is the speed of onset or duration coded by

Answer 17

pattern of APs

Question 18

what does the movement plan take into account

Answer 18

starting point, stopping point, speed, direction, required forced, and appropriate muscles to activate

Question 19

what is the function of frontal lobe association area and pre motor cortex

Answer 19

involved early in formulating the plan

Question 20

what is the function of the primary motor cortex

Answer 20

relays final movement plan to spinal cord to activate relevant motor units for movement

Question 21

where is the primary motor cortex located

Answer 21

frontal lobe

Question 22

what is the function of the primary sensory cortex

Answer 22

receive somatotropically arraigned sensory input to be utilized in addressing key issues

Question 23

where is the primary sensory cortex located

Answer 23

parietal lobe

Question 24

what is the function of the associated area in the parietal lobe

Answer 24

integrates info from body parts to provide a sense of whole body or whole sides of the body

Question 25

what is the function of the cerebellum

Answer 25

balance, motor learning, coordination and termination or braking of movement segments

Question 26

what is the function of basal ganglia

Answer 26

collection of nuclei involved in imitation of movement, learning and choice of movement and memory tasks

Question 27

what occurs in parkinsons

Answer 27

loss of dopaminergic neurons resulting in difficulty starting movement as well as tremors to unwanted movements at rest