Lecture 2

Question 1

amount that produces desired intensity of effect in 50% of individuals tested

Answer 1

Median effective dose

Question 2

amount that produces toxic effects in 50% of individuals tested

Answer 2

median toxic dose

Question 3

If blood levels are below ______ the drug won’t work.

Answer 3

MEC

minimum effective concentration

Question 4

If the drug is above ______ then is harming the patient.

Answer 4

MTC

Minimum toxic concentration

Question 5

What does a loading dose do?

Answer 5

Gets blood levels up quickly. Used to etablish desired blood levels of medications

Question 6

What is a child from birth- 1 month referred to as?

Answer 6

Neonate

Question 7

A child from 1 month to 1 year is what?

Answer 7

Infant

Question 8

Early childhood is considered

Answer 8

1 years to 5 years

Question 9

Late childhood is considered

Answer 9

6-12 years

Question 10

Adolescence is considered what ages?

Answer 10

13-17 years

Question 11

In children, doses are often what?

Answer 11

Weight-based

Question 12

Body surface area is often used in medications for what?

Answer 12

Children

Question 13

What does percent mean?

Answer 13

Rate per hundred

Question 14

%w/v ( weight/ volume)

Answer 14

grams/ 100 mL

Question 15

% v/v

Answer 15

mL/ 100 mL

Question 16

%w/w

Answer 16

grams/ 100 grams

Question 17

Ideal Body Weight for males

Answer 17

50 kg + 2.3 kg for each inch over 5 feet

Question 18

Ideal body weight for females

Answer 18

45.5 kg + 2.3 kg for each inch over 5 feet

Question 19

When do you use adjusted body weight?

Answer 19

If the person is more than 30% obese

Question 20

What is the equation for adjusted body weight?

Answer 20

IBW + 0.4 (ABW-IBW)

Question 21

What is the equation for creatine clearance?

Answer 21

(140- age) x IBW/ (Scr x 72) (0.85 for females)

Question 22

What is a normal SCR (serum creatine)

Answer 22

< 1 mg/dL

Question 23

Where does serum creatine come from?

Answer 23

Muscles (if you have no muscles it will be low)

Question 24

What is a normal creatine clearance?

Answer 24

> 100 mL/ min

Question 25

What is a creatine clearance that requires an adjustment of medications.

Answer 25

30 mL/ min

Question 26

What is the Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body and their mechanism of action?

Answer 26

pharmacodynamics

Question 27

Variables influence the drug reaching its site of action and the length of time it remains there

Answer 27

Pharmacokinetics

Question 28

What is an all or none response?

Answer 28

Quantal

Question 29

What are the two types of dose response curves?

Answer 29

Quantal and graded

Question 30

maximal response produced by a drug.

Answer 30

Efficacy

Question 31

the amount of drug needed to elicit a given response.

Answer 31

Potency

Question 32

The steeper the slope of the response curve the _____ the dose change required to get to a desired effect

Answer 32

smaller

Question 33

binds receptor and activates

Answer 33

Agonist

Question 34

binds receptor at active site and produces only a partial response even when all the receptors are bound

Answer 34

Partial agonist

Question 35

inactivate agonist before it has the opportunity to act

Answer 35

chemical antagonist

Question 36

cause a physiologic effect opposite to that induced by the agonist

Answer 36

Physiologic antagonists

Question 37

Binds reversibly to the active site of a receptor, and does not cause activation

Answer 37

Competitive antagonist

Question 38

Antagonists shift the dose response curve which way?

Answer 38

To the right (agonist has to overcome antagonist to illicit a response)

Question 39

Bind to either active or allosteric site of receptor. | If binding the active site binding is irreversible and can't be outcompeted by agonist

Answer 39

Noncompetitive antagonist

Question 40

Range of doses of drug that elicits therapeutic response without unacceptable toxicity

Answer 40

Therapeutic window

Question 41

What medications must you be cautious with?

Answer 41

Those with a narrow therapeutic index

Question 42

Binds reversibly to the active site of a receptor, and does not cause activation

Answer 42

Competitive antagonist

Question 43

How many cm are in one inch?

Answer 43

2.54 cm

Question 44

How many mL are in 1 tsp?

Answer 44

5 mL

Question 45

1 kg = ____ lb.

Answer 45

2.2 lbs

Question 46

If actual weight is < IBW what weight should you use?

Answer 46

actual body weight

Question 47

EDTA

Answer 47

chelator with high affinity for lead

Question 48

Antacids

Answer 48

bases and act by neutralizing gastric acid

Question 49

Mannitol

Answer 49

- Biologically inert and doesn't penetrate membranes - filtered into urine - osmotic diuretic (makes you pee)

Question 50

Raloxifene

Answer 50

- acts as a partial agonist to estrogen receptors in bone | - antagonist to estrogen receptor in breast

Question 51

Buprenorphine

Answer 51

- partial agonist with high affinity for Mu-opioid receptor - more potent but less efficacious then full agonist (morphine) - produce some response, but not full affect like addictive drug

Question 52

What is used clinically to treat addiction, and can cause withdrawal by outcompeting?

Answer 52

Buprenorphine

Question 53

What does inhibit potentially dangerous increases that would occur with sympathetic stimulation? Often a beta-blocker, partial agonist.

Answer 53

Pindolol